A bonded body according to an embodiment comprises a ceramic substrate, a copper plate, and a bonding layer provided on at least one surface of the ceramic substrate and bonding the ceramic substrate and the copper plate, in which the bonding layer contains Cu, Ti, and a first element being one or two selected from Sn and In, and the bonding layer includes a Ti-rich region in which a ratio (M.sub.Ti/M.sub.E1) of a mass M.sub.Ti of Ti to a mass M.sub.E1 of the first element being 0.5 or more and a Ti-poor region in which the ratio (M.sub.Ti/M.sub.E1) being 0.1 or less.

A calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicate (CMAS)-reactive thermal barrier coating includes a ceramic coating and a CMAS-reactive overlay coating, wherein the CMAS-reactive overlay coating conforms to a surface of the ceramic coating and comprises a compound that forms a stable high melting point crystalline precipitate when reacted with molten CMAS at a rate that is competitive with CMAS infiltration kinetics into the thermal barrier coating. The ceramic coating phase is stable with the CMAS-reactive overlay coating.

A spark plug connecting element. The spark plug connecting element includes a first contact element and a second contact element. A resistor element is situated between the first contact element and the second contact element. The first contact element and the second contact element have a specific conductivity of 10.sup.2 S/m to 10.sup.8 S/m and the resistor element has a specific conductivity of 10.sup.−3 S/m to 10.sup.1 S/m.

A metal-ceramic substrate (1) comprising an insulating layer (11) comprising a ceramic and having a first thickness (D1), and a metallization layer (12) bonded to the insulation layer (11) and having a second thickness (D2),
wherein the first thickness (D1) is less than 250 μm and the second thickness (D2) is greater than 200 μm and wherein the first thickness (D1) and the second thickness (D2) are dimensioned such that a ratio of an amount of the difference between a thermal expansion coefficient of the metallization layer (12) and a thermal expansion coefficient of the metal-ceramic substrate (1) to a thermal expansion coefficient of the metal-ceramic substrate (1)
has a value less than 0.25, preferably less than 0.2 and more preferably less than 0.15 or even less than 0.1.

The present invention provides a dental product comprising a base material formed of a zirconia sintered body, and having high aesthetic quality with enhanced fracture toughness and with reduced chipping and cracking in the porcelain layer. The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing such a dental product. The present invention relates to a dental product comprising: a base material formed of a zirconia sintered body, and a porcelain layer, wherein the porcelain of the porcelain layer has a suitable firing temperature of 900° C. or more, and the porcelain layer has a fracture toughness value of 1.20 MPa.Math.m.sup.0.5 or more.

An electrostatic chuck includes a ceramic top plate layer made of a beryllium oxide material, a ceramic bottom plate layer made of a beryllium oxide material, a ceramic middle plate layer disposed between the ceramic top plate layer and the ceramic bottom plate layer, an electrode layer disposed between the ceramic top plate layer and the ceramic middle plate layer, and a heater layer disposed between the ceramic middle plate layer and the ceramic bottom plate layer. The electrode layer joins and hermetically seals the ceramic top plate layer to the ceramic middle plate layer, and the heater layer joins and hermetically seals the ceramic middle plate layer to the ceramic bottom plate layer.

The present invention provides a to-be-processed body for dentistry for preparing a dental prosthesis that faithfully reproduces a natural tooth as though dentin is present underneath enamel and influencing appearance when seen from a close distance, without requiring a complex structure or a complicated manufacturing process. The present invention relates to a to-be-processed body for dentistry for preparing a dental prosthesis, the to-be-processed body for dentistry satisfying L3>L1 and L3>L2 on a straight line extending along a first direction from one end P to the other end Q of the to-be-processed body for dentistry, where:

L1 is the final L* according to L*a*b* color system over a black background at a first point lying in an interval from said one end P to 25% of the entire length,

L2 is the final L* according to L*a*b* color system over a black background at a second point lying in an interval from said other end Q to 25% of the entire length, and

L3 is the final L* according to L*a*b* color system over a black background at a third point lying between the first point and the second point on a straight line connecting the first point to the second point.

A zirconia sintered body that includes a transparent zirconia portion and an opaque zirconia portion has a biaxial bending strength of 300 MPa or more. In addition, the opaque zirconia portion is configured by an opaque zirconia sintered body that is any one of a dark-colored zirconia sintered body, a medium-light-colored zirconia sintered body, and a light-colored zirconia sintered body.

The invention relates to a set of porous zirconia dental mill blanks comprising at least two differently colored porous zirconia dental mill blanks, the porous zirconia dental mill blanks comprising zirconia, yttria, coloring ions, and optionally alumina, comprising multiple layers with different yttria content, having a bottom layer and a top layer, the content of yttria and coloring ions in mol % changing in opposite direction to each other from the bottom layer to the top layer, and the content of yttria and coloring ions in mol % being adjusted to provide an essentially constant ratio of the sum of yttria and coloring ions in mol % between the top layer and the bottom layer for the at least two differently colored zirconia dental mill blanks. The invention also relates to a process of producing such a set.

Method of manufacturing a metal-ceramic substrate (1) which, in the finished state, has a ceramic layer (11) and a metal layer (12) extending along a main extension plane (HSE) and arranged one above the other along a stacking direction (S) extending perpendicularly to the main extension plane (HSE) comprising providing the metal layer (12) and the ceramic layer (11) and bonding the metal layer (12) to the ceramic layer (11) in regions to form a first region (B1), which has a materially bonded connection between the metal layer (12) and the ceramic layer (11), and a second region (B2), in which the metal layer (12) and the ceramic layer (11) are arranged one above the other without a materially bonded connection, as seen in the stacking direction (S).