The disclosure relates to microchemical (or microfluidic) apparatus as well as related methods for making the same. The methods generally include partial sintering of sintering powder (e.g., binderless or otherwise free-flowing sintering powder) that encloses a fugitive phase material having a shape corresponding to a desired cavity structure in the formed apparatus. Partial sintering removes the fugitive phase and produces a porous compact, which can then be machined if desired and then further fully sintered to form the final apparatus. The process can produce apparatus with small, controllable cavities shaped as desired for various microchemical or microfluidic unit operations, with a generally smooth interior cavity finish, and with materials (e.g., ceramics) able to withstand harsh environments for such unit operations.

A metal-on-ceramic substrate comprises a ceramic layer, a first metal layer, and a bonding layer joining the ceramic layer to the first metal layer. The bonding layer includes thermoplastic polyimide adhesive that contains thermally conductive particles. This permits the substrate to withstand most common die attach operations, reduces residual stress in the substrate, and simplifies manufacturing processes.

A composition includes granules in which zirconia particles are aggregated. The granules have an average circularity of 0.81 or greater based on a projected image. Additionally, a layered body includes a first layer and a second layer that comprise granules and are adjacent to each other. The granules in the first layer have an average circularity of 0.70 or smaller based on a projected image. The granules in the second layer have an average circularity of 0.92 or greater based on a projected image.

The present invention provides a dental product comprising a base material formed of a zirconia sintered body, and having high aesthetic quality with enhanced fracture toughness and with reduced chipping and cracking in the porcelain layer. The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing such a dental product. The present invention relates to a dental product comprising: a base material formed of a zirconia sintered body, and a porcelain layer, wherein the porcelain of the porcelain layer has a suitable firing temperature of 900° C. or more, and the porcelain layer has a fracture toughness value of 1.20 MPa.Math.m.sup.0.5 or more.

A metal-ceramic substrate (1) comprising an insulating layer (11) comprising a ceramic and having a first thickness (D1), and a metallization layer (12) bonded to the insulation layer (11) and having a second thickness (D2),
wherein the first thickness (D1) is less than 250 μm and the second thickness (D2) is greater than 200 μm and wherein the first thickness (D1) and the second thickness (D2) are dimensioned such that a ratio of an amount of the difference between a thermal expansion coefficient of the metallization layer (12) and a thermal expansion coefficient of the metal-ceramic substrate (1) to a thermal expansion coefficient of the metal-ceramic substrate (1)
has a value less than 0.25, preferably less than 0.2 and more preferably less than 0.15 or even less than 0.1.

A sensor element of a gas sensor includes: an element base which is a ceramic structured body including a detection part of detecting a target measurement gas component; and a protective layer which is a porous layer provided in at least a part of an outermost peripheral portion of the element base, wherein in the protective layer, numerous convex parts each having a size of 1.0 μm or less and made up of ceramic microparticles with diameters of 10 nm to 1.0 μm are discretely formed around numerous ceramic coarse grains having diameters of 5.0 μm to 40 μm, the respective ceramic coarse grains are connected to each other directly or via the ceramic microparticle, and a degree of porosity of the protective layer is 5% to 50%.

A three-dimensional shaped article production method for producing a three-dimensional shaped article by stacking layers to form a stacked body includes a constituent layer formation step of forming a constituent layer which corresponds to a constituent region of the three-dimensional shaped article, a support layer formation step of forming a support layer which is in contact with the constituent layer and supports the constituent layer, and a sintering step of sintering the constituent layer, wherein the support layer is configured such that as compared with the volume decrement accompanying the sintering step of a space surrounded by the constituent layer from at least two directions, the volume decrement accompanying the sintering step of the support layer which supports the constituent layer in the space is larger.

A cover lid for use with a semiconductor package is disclosed. First, a polyamide mask is applied to one surface of the lid plate. Next, the exposed areas of the surface, as well as the sides of the lid plate, are metallized. The polyamide mask can then be removed. This reduces pullback and shrinkage of the metallized layer, while lowering the manufacturing cost and process times.

An apparatus contains at least one pressure-rated apparatus shell and at least one modular framework system containing ceramic fiber composite materials and arranged within the apparatus shell. A modular lining apparatus includes the modular framework system and. refractory bricks. The apparatus can be used for high-temperature reactors, especially electrically heated high-temperature reactors.

A ceramic material including at least erbium oxide (Er2O3)-stabilized zirconium oxide (ZrO2). The erbium oxide-stabilized zirconium oxide can be used as ceramic thermal barrier layer. Crack resistance of such ceramic materials is considerably increased by using erbium oxide-stabilized zirconium oxide.