As a hydrocarbon production system that synthesizes hydrocarbons using water and carbon dioxide as raw materials, a hydrocarbon production system capable of producing hydrocarbons by securing hydrogen and carbon monoxide required for hydrocarbon synthesis is provided. In a hydrocarbon production system that produces hydrocarbons from at least water and carbon dioxide, the hydrocarbon production system includes at least an electrolytic reaction unit, a reverse water-gas shift reaction unit, and a hydrocarbon synthesis reaction unit.

Disclosed is a method for directly synthesizing monocyclic aromatic compounds and long-chain olefin compounds from a carbon dioxide-rich synthetic gas and, specifically, a method for directly synthesizing monocyclic aromatic compounds and long-chain olefin compounds from a carbon dioxide-rich synthetic gas, the method comprising a step of preparing a C.sub.1-C.sub.15 short-chain hydrocarbon by Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis and a step of preparing monocyclic aromatic compounds and long-chain olefin compounds by dehydrogenating the short-chain hydrocarbon products, and maximizing the yield of the short-chain hydrocarbon by using, as a synthetic gas to be used in FT synthesis, a carbon dioxide-rich synthetic gas in which the molar ratio of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is delimited to a specific range, and maximizing the yield of the monocyclic aromatic compounds or the long-chain olefin compounds by specifying the composition of a catalyst to be used in the dehydrogenation and the temperature and pressure condition.

A catalyst, including: a transition metal; and an organic solvent. The transition metal is dispersed in the organic solvent in the form of monodisperse nanoparticles; the transition metal has a grain size of between 1 and 100 nm; and the catalyst has a specific surface area of 5 and 300 m.sup.2/g. The invention also provides a method for preparing a catalyst, including: 1) dissolving an organic salt of a transition metal in an organic solvent including a polyhydric alcohol, to yield a mixture; and 2) heating and stirring the mixture in the presence of air or inert gas, holding the mixture at the temperature of between 150 and 250° C. for between 30 and 240 min, to yield the catalyst.

Described herein are catalysts relating to liquid synthesis, methods of their preparation, and methods of their use. In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, a method of producing a catalyst for liquid synthesis comprises: providing a silica oxide support; pretreating the silica oxide support to remove air and moisture; impregnating the pretreated silica oxide support with cobalt from a cobalt source using a cobalt impregnation method; and calcinating the impregnated silica oxide support in an oven with a temperature ramping profile, wherein the calcinating comprises feeding air into the oven.

A process for preparing C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbons includes introducing a feed stream into a reaction zone of a reactor, the feed stream including hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. An additional stream is introduced into the reaction zone of the reactor, the additional stream comprising water, carbon dioxide, or mixtures thereof. A combined stream that includes the feed stream and the additional stream is converted into a product stream comprising C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbons in the reaction zone in the presence of a hybrid catalyst. The hybrid catalyst includes a metal oxide catalyst component, and a microporous catalyst component.

A process for preparing C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbons includes introducing a feed stream into a reaction zone of a reactor, the feed stream including hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. An additional stream is introduced into the reaction zone of the reactor, the additional stream comprising water, carbon dioxide, or mixtures thereof. A combined stream that includes the feed stream and the additional stream is converted into a product stream comprising C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbons in the reaction zone in the presence of a hybrid catalyst. The hybrid catalyst includes a metal oxide catalyst component, and a microporous catalyst component.

The invention relates to use of a catalyst comprising particles of nickel dispersed in a porous silica matrix for catalyzing a methanation reaction. There is also described a method for methanation of a feedstock at least comprising gases carbon monoxide and hydrogen, said method comprising contacting the feedstock with the catalyst.

An apparatus and method for producing hydrocarbons including aromatic hydrocarbons and/or lower olefins including propylene from CO H.sub.2 while inhibiting reduction in catalyst activity and enhancing selectivity. The apparatus produces hydrocarbons including aromatic hydrocarbons having 6-10 carbon atoms and/or lower olefins including propylene, and is provided: a first supply unit which supplies a raw material gas containing CO and H.sub.2; and a hydrocarbon production unit to which the raw material gas is supplied from the first supply unit, and which produces the hydrocarbons from CO and H.sub.2 contained in the raw material gas while heating a catalyst structure at a temperature of 150° C. or more and less than 300° C. or at a temperature of 350° C. or more and less than 550° C., the catalyst structure includes supports having a porous structure and including a zeolite-type compound, and a metal fine particle present in the supports, the supports have channels communicating with outside the supports, and a portion of the channels have an average inner diameter of 0.95 nm or less.

An apparatus and method for producing hydrocarbons including aromatic hydrocarbons and/or lower olefins including propylene from CO H.sub.2 while inhibiting reduction in catalyst activity and enhancing selectivity. The apparatus produces hydrocarbons including aromatic hydrocarbons having 6-10 carbon atoms and/or lower olefins including propylene, and is provided: a first supply unit which supplies a raw material gas containing CO and H.sub.2; and a hydrocarbon production unit to which the raw material gas is supplied from the first supply unit, and which produces the hydrocarbons from CO and H.sub.2 contained in the raw material gas while heating a catalyst structure at a temperature of 150° C. or more and less than 300° C. or at a temperature of 350° C. or more and less than 550° C., the catalyst structure includes supports having a porous structure and including a zeolite-type compound, and a metal fine particle present in the supports, the supports have channels communicating with outside the supports, and a portion of the channels have an average inner diameter of 0.95 nm or less.

The present disclosures and inventions relate to methods of reducing and activating a cobalt catalyst by contacting an at least partially oxidized cobalt catalyst with a reducing gas, such as a first, second, and/or third reducing gas, at a temperature from 220 ° C. to 270 ° C. for at least 8 or 50 hours depending on the reducing gas, thereby reducing and activating the cobalt catalyst.