Systems, processes, and catalysts are disclosed for obtaining fuels and fuel blends containing selected ratios of open-chain and closed-chain fuel-range hydrocarbons suitable for production of alternate fuels including gasolines, jet fuels, and diesel fuels. Fuel-range hydrocarbons may be derived from ethylene-containing feedstocks and ethanol-containing feedstocks.

Integrated systems are provided for the production of higher hydrocarbon compositions, for example liquid hydrocarbon compositions, from methane using an oxidative coupling of methane system to convert methane to ethylene, followed by conversion of ethylene to selectable higher hydrocarbon products. Integrated systems and processes are provided that process methane through to these higher hydrocarbon products.

Integrated systems are provided for the production of higher hydrocarbon compositions, for example liquid hydrocarbon compositions, from methane using an oxidative coupling of methane system to convert methane to ethylene, followed by conversion of ethylene to selectable higher hydrocarbon products. Integrated systems and processes are provided that process methane through to these higher hydrocarbon products.

Described herein is a base oil synthesis via ionic catalyst oligomerization further utilizing a hydrophobic process for removing an ionic catalyst from a reaction mixture with a silica gel composition, specifically a reaction mixture comprising an oligomerization reaction to produce PAO utilizing an ionic catalyst wherein the ionic catalyst is removed post reaction.

Described herein is a base oil synthesis via ionic catalyst oligomerization further utilizing a hydrophobic process for removing an ionic catalyst from a reaction mixture with a silica gel composition, specifically a reaction mixture comprising an oligomerization reaction to produce PAO utilizing an ionic catalyst wherein the ionic catalyst is removed post reaction.

This disclosure relates to a single stage process for the direct conversion of alcohols, e.g. ethanol, to olefinic mixtures (C.sub.2-C.sub.7) with low levels of aromatics carried out in a single reactor with two fixed catalyst beds in series, or two catalytic fixed bed reactors in series wherein the first reactor operates at a lower or higher temperature than the operating temperature of the second reactor. The process transformation of ethanol is comprised of ethanol dehydration to ethylene and water in high yield with the first catalyst in the first reactor, or via the first fixed catalyst bed, followed by directly feeding the ethylene and water to the second reactor, or second fixed catalyst bed, with conversion of said ethylene and water to a C.sub.2-C.sub.7 olefinic mixture with the second catalyst(s) in high yields with minimal aromatic compound formation.

This disclosure relates to a single stage process for the direct conversion of alcohols, e.g. ethanol, to olefinic mixtures (C.sub.2-C.sub.7) with low levels of aromatics carried out in a single reactor with two fixed catalyst beds in series, or two catalytic fixed bed reactors in series wherein the first reactor operates at a lower or higher temperature than the operating temperature of the second reactor. The process transformation of ethanol is comprised of ethanol dehydration to ethylene and water in high yield with the first catalyst in the first reactor, or via the first fixed catalyst bed, followed by directly feeding the ethylene and water to the second reactor, or second fixed catalyst bed, with conversion of said ethylene and water to a C.sub.2-C.sub.7 olefinic mixture with the second catalyst(s) in high yields with minimal aromatic compound formation.

This disclosure relates to a single stage process for the direct conversion of alcohols, e.g. ethanol, to olefinic mixtures (C.sub.2-C.sub.7) with low levels of aromatics carried out in a single reactor with two fixed catalyst beds in series, or two catalytic fixed bed reactors in series wherein the first reactor operates at a lower or higher temperature than the operating temperature of the second reactor. The process transformation of ethanol is comprised of ethanol dehydration to ethylene and water in high yield with the first catalyst in the first reactor, or via the first fixed catalyst bed, followed by directly feeding the ethylene and water to the second reactor, or second fixed catalyst bed, with conversion of said ethylene and water to a C.sub.2-C.sub.7 olefinic mixture with the second catalyst(s) in high yields with minimal aromatic compound formation.

The present invention relates to a method for producing long-chain alkylbenzene by reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon and a long-chain olefin, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a solid acid catalyst, the aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene and xylene, the long-chain olefin is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.8-C.sub.26 alkenes, the catalyst is a HMCM-22 type molecular sieve solid acid catalyst modified with heteroatom(s), the heteroatom(s) is/are selected from the group consisting of boron, gallium, indium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese and phosphorus, and the molar ratio of silicon atoms to heteroatoms in the solid acid catalyst is in the range of 1:0.01-0.03. The invention also relates to a method for regenerating the solid acid catalyst used in the reaction.

The present invention relates to a method for producing long-chain alkylbenzene by reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon and a long-chain olefin, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a solid acid catalyst, the aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene and xylene, the long-chain olefin is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.8-C.sub.26 alkenes, the catalyst is a HMCM-22 type molecular sieve solid acid catalyst modified with heteroatom(s), the heteroatom(s) is/are selected from the group consisting of boron, gallium, indium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese and phosphorus, and the molar ratio of silicon atoms to heteroatoms in the solid acid catalyst is in the range of 1:0.01-0.03. The invention also relates to a method for regenerating the solid acid catalyst used in the reaction.