Embodiments of processes and multiple-stage catalyst systems for producing propylene comprising introducing a hydrocarbon stream comprising 2-butene to an isomerization catalyst zone to isomerize the 2-butene to 1-butene, passing the 2-butene and 1-butene to a metathesis catalyst zone to cross-metathesize the 2-butene and 1-butene into a metathesis product stream comprising propylene and C.sub.4-C.sub.6 olefins, and cracking the metathesis product stream in a catalyst cracking zone to produce propylene. The isomerization catalyst zone comprises a silica-alumina catalyst with a ratio by weight of alumina to silica from 1:99 to 20:80. The metathesis catalyst comprises a mesoporous silica catalyst support impregnated with metal oxide. The catalyst cracking zone comprises a mordenite framework inverted (MFI) structured silica catalyst.

A system and a method for isomerizing a 2-butene feed stream to form a 1-butene product stream are provided. An exemplary method includes calcining the red mud, flowing a butene feedstock over the red mud in an isomerization reactor, and separating 1-butene from a reactor effluent.

A system and a method for isomerizing a 2-butene feed stream to form a 1-butene product stream are provided. An exemplary method includes calcining the red mud, flowing a butene feedstock over the red mud in an isomerization reactor, and separating 1-butene from a reactor effluent.

The present disclosure relates to chemical catalysts and methods that may be used for the production and/or interconversion of olefins. In some embodiments, methods for producing propylene from ethylene and butene comprising, (a) obtaining a catalyst composition comprising an isomerization catalyst and a disproportionation catalyst, wherein the weight ratio of the isomerization catalyst to the disproportionation catalyst is from 10:1 to 1:10; and (b) reacting butene with ethylene at a temperature from about 500° F. (260° C.) to about 650° F. (350° C.) in the presence of the catalyst composition under conditions sufficient to produce propylene are provided.

The present disclosure relates to chemical catalysts and methods that may be used for the production and/or interconversion of olefins. In some embodiments, methods for producing propylene from ethylene and butene comprising, (a) obtaining a catalyst composition comprising an isomerization catalyst and a disproportionation catalyst, wherein the weight ratio of the isomerization catalyst to the disproportionation catalyst is from 10:1 to 1:10; and (b) reacting butene with ethylene at a temperature from about 500° F. (260° C.) to about 650° F. (350° C.) in the presence of the catalyst composition under conditions sufficient to produce propylene are provided.

Olefins and diolefins, such as 1,3-butiadiene, may be produced by a method utilizing a series of bromination and dehydrobromination reactions. Bromine may be reacted with n-butane to form dibromobutane. The dibromobutanes may be dehydrobrominating to form 1,3-butadiene. The method may include reacting butene with bromine to form bromobutenes, and dehydrobrominating the bromobutenes to form 1,3-butadiene. The method may include reacting butene with hydrogen bromide in the presence of oxygen to form bromobutenes, and dehydrobrominating the bromobutenes to form 1,3-butadiene. The method may include reacting butene with bromine to form dibromobutanes, and dehydrobrominating the dibromobutanes to form 1,3-butadiene.

Olefins and diolefins, such as 1,3-butiadiene, may be produced by a method utilizing a series of bromination and dehydrobromination reactions. Bromine may be reacted with n-butane to form dibromobutane. The dibromobutanes may be dehydrobrominating to form 1,3-butadiene. The method may include reacting butene with bromine to form bromobutenes, and dehydrobrominating the bromobutenes to form 1,3-butadiene. The method may include reacting butene with hydrogen bromide in the presence of oxygen to form bromobutenes, and dehydrobrominating the bromobutenes to form 1,3-butadiene. The method may include reacting butene with bromine to form dibromobutanes, and dehydrobrominating the dibromobutanes to form 1,3-butadiene.

Processes for the production of olefins are disclosed, which may include: contacting a hydrocarbon mixture comprising linear butenes with an isomerization catalyst to form an isomerization product comprising 2-butenes and 1-butenes; contacting the isomerization product with a first metathesis catalyst to form a first metathesis product comprising 2-pentene and propylene, as well as any unreacted C.sub.4 olefins, and byproducts ethylene and 3-hexene; and fractionating the first metathesis product to form a C3− fraction and a C5 fraction comprising 2-pentene. The 2-pentene may then be advantageously used to produce high purity 1-butene, 3-hexene, 1-hexene, propylene, or other desired products.

Processes for the production of olefins are disclosed, which may include: contacting a hydrocarbon mixture comprising linear butenes with an isomerization catalyst to form an isomerization product comprising 2-butenes and 1-butenes; contacting the isomerization product with a first metathesis catalyst to form a first metathesis product comprising 2-pentene and propylene, as well as any unreacted C.sub.4 olefins, and byproducts ethylene and 3-hexene; and fractionating the first metathesis product to form a C3− fraction and a C5 fraction comprising 2-pentene. The 2-pentene may then be advantageously used to produce high purity 1-butene, 3-hexene, 1-hexene, propylene, or other desired products.

A systems and a method for isomerizing a feedstock to form an alpha-olefin product stream are provided. An exemplary method includes calcining the red mud, flowing an olefin feedstock over the red mud in an isomerization reactor, and separating the alpha-olefin from a reactor effluent.