The present invention provides a catalyst comprising alumina as carrier material and palladium or platinum as active component, obtainable by a) impregnating an alumina carrier with a solution comprising at least one salt of the active component palladium or platinum, b) drying the catalyst thus obtained, c) treating the catalyst thus obtained with hydrogen, or a mixture of hydrogen and at least one inert gas, for a period of 1 to 24 hours at a temperature of 30 to 200? C., and d) thereafter keeping the catalyst thus reduced in the presence of hydrogen, or a mixture of hydrogen and at least one inert gas, for a period of 1 hour to 10 days at a temperature of 10 to 100? C.

The catalyst provided by the invention is useful in processes for isomerization of olefins from olefin-containing hydrocarbonaceous mixtures having 4 to 20 carbon atoms at temperatures of 10 to 150? C. and pressures of 1 to 35 bar.

The present invention provides a catalyst comprising alumina as carrier material and palladium or platinum as active component, obtainable by a) impregnating an alumina carrier with a solution comprising at least one salt of the active component palladium or platinum, b) drying the catalyst thus obtained, c) treating the catalyst thus obtained with hydrogen, or a mixture of hydrogen and at least one inert gas, for a period of 1 to 24 hours at a temperature of 30 to 200? C., and d) thereafter keeping the catalyst thus reduced in the presence of hydrogen, or a mixture of hydrogen and at least one inert gas, for a period of 1 hour to 10 days at a temperature of 10 to 100? C.

The catalyst provided by the invention is useful in processes for isomerization of olefins from olefin-containing hydrocarbonaceous mixtures having 4 to 20 carbon atoms at temperatures of 10 to 150? C. and pressures of 1 to 35 bar.

A method for producing diene in which diene can be produced in a high yield by using a raw material including a branched olefin and a straight chain olefin is provided. The method for producing diene comprises: a step 1 of obtaining an internal olefin by removing a branched olefin from a raw material including at least the branched olefin and a straight chain olefin; a step 2 of isomerizing the internal olefin to a terminal olefin by using an isomerization catalyst; and a step 3 of producing diene from the terminal olefin obtained in the step 2 by oxidative dehydrogenation using a dehydrogenation catalyst.

A method for producing diene in which diene can be produced in a high yield by using a raw material including a branched olefin and a straight chain olefin is provided. The method for producing diene comprises: a step 1 of obtaining an internal olefin by removing a branched olefin from a raw material including at least the branched olefin and a straight chain olefin; a step 2 of isomerizing the internal olefin to a terminal olefin by using an isomerization catalyst; and a step 3 of producing diene from the terminal olefin obtained in the step 2 by oxidative dehydrogenation using a dehydrogenation catalyst.

A method for producing diene comprises a step 1 of obtaining a straight chain internal olefin by removing a branched olefin from a raw material including at least the branched olefin and a straight chain olefin; and a step 2 of producing diene from the internal olefin by oxidative dehydrogenation using a first catalyst and a second catalyst, and the first catalyst has a complex oxide including bismuth, molybdenum and oxygen, and the second catalyst includes at least one selected from the group consisting of silica and alumina.

A method for producing diene comprises a step 1 of obtaining a straight chain internal olefin by removing a branched olefin from a raw material including at least the branched olefin and a straight chain olefin; and a step 2 of producing diene from the internal olefin by oxidative dehydrogenation using a first catalyst and a second catalyst, and the first catalyst has a complex oxide including bismuth, molybdenum and oxygen, and the second catalyst includes at least one selected from the group consisting of silica and alumina.

Provided are a separation method for easily recovering normal butene from an olefin fraction including isobutene, isobutane, 1-butene, 2-butene, and normal butane, and a separation process system using the method. Since the separation method according to the present invention may easily convert 1-butene included in the olefin fraction to 2-butene, normal butene may be effectively separated and recovered by factional distillation and each recovered fraction may be easily refluxed even if the use of a reflux system using a refrigerant is reduced or excluded. Thus, economic efficiency may be improved and simultaneously, separation efficiency may be increased.

A method of producing a fuel additive includes passing a feed stream comprising C.sub.4 hydrocarbons through a first hydrogenation unit producing a first process stream; passing the first process stream through a distillation unit; withdrawing a 2-butene stream from the distillation unit: passing the 2-butene stream through a second hydrogenation unit producing a 1-butene stream; passing at least a portion of the 1-butene stream through a separation unit; and passing the 1-butene stream through a hydration unit producing the fuel additive.

A method of producing a fuel additive includes passing a feed stream comprising C.sub.4 hydrocarbons through a first hydrogenation unit producing a first process stream; passing the first process stream through a distillation unit; withdrawing a 2-butene stream from the distillation unit: passing the 2-butene stream through a second hydrogenation unit producing a 1-butene stream; passing at least a portion of the 1-butene stream through a separation unit; and passing the 1-butene stream through a hydration unit producing the fuel additive.

The invention relates to a method for obtaining a linear, internal C.sub.10-C.sub.16 alkene from an unsubstituted linear, terminal C.sub.10-C.sub.16 alkene in the presence of a metal precursor. The unsubstituted linear terminal C.sub.10-C.sub.16 alkene is mixed with a supported or non-supported metal precursor. The mixture obtained is heated at a temperature of between 150 C. and 300 C., wherein the metal precursor gives rise to the in-situ formation of isolated metal atoms which act as catalysts. The metal precursor is used in an amount of less than 100 ppm by weight with respect to the unsubstituted linear terminal C.sub.10-C.sub.16 alkene. The mixing and heating are carried out in the absence of a solvent, The metal precursor is Ru.