This application relates to methods and systems for drying polyol starters, as well as reaction mixtures including such polyol starters, and the preparation of polymers derived from such polyol starters. In some embodiments, the present invention encompasses methods of drying a polyol initiator compound, the method including the step of contacting a composition comprising a polyol initiator compound with one or more molecular sieves.

This application relates to methods and systems for drying polyol starters, as well as reaction mixtures including such polyol starters, and the preparation of polymers derived from such polyol starters. In some embodiments, the present invention encompasses methods of drying a polyol initiator compound, the method including the step of contacting a composition comprising a polyol initiator compound with one or more molecular sieves.

Batteries include an anode, an electrolyte having a high solubility for lithium ions and oxygen, and a cathode formed on a substrate. Lithium ions migrate from the anode through the electrolyte to form Li.sub.2O.sub.2 at a surface of the cathode. A current collector positioned in the electrolyte, the electrolyte separating the anode from the cathode.

Batteries include an anode, an electrolyte having a high solubility for lithium ions and oxygen, and a cathode formed on a substrate. Lithium ions migrate from the anode through the electrolyte to form Li.sub.2O.sub.2 at a surface of the cathode. A current collector positioned in the electrolyte, the electrolyte separating the anode from the cathode.

Disclosed herein are antifouling compositions and uses of antifouling compositions for controlling microbial fouling in a system in contact with an aqueous medium. The antifouling compositions comprising an antifouling compound of Formula 1

##STR00001##

wherein A is an optionally substituted phenyl, naphthalene, indole, purine, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, pyrimidine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, or thiazole; and Z has the following structure:

##STR00002##

wherein X
is —O—, —N(R.sub.10)—, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O—, —N(R.sub.10)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R.sub.10)—, —OC(O)O—, —OC(O)N(R.sub.10)—, —N(R.sub.10)C(O)O—, or —N(R.sub.10)C(O)N(R.sub.10)—; p is an integer from 0 to 10; R.sub.6 is hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl; R.sub.7 is alkyl, aryl, or —(CH.sub.2)z-O—R.sub.11; R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 are independently hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; R.sub.10 is hydrogen or alkyl; R.sub.11 is hydrogen or alkyl; m is independently an integer from 2 to 20; n is independently an integer from 3 to 20; and z is an integer from 1 to 10, wherein at least one of R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 are other than hydrogen and wherein the antifouling composition reduces biofilm growth in a system comprising an aqueous medium.

Disclosed herein are antifouling compositions and uses of antifouling compositions for controlling microbial fouling in a system in contact with an aqueous medium. The antifouling compositions comprising an antifouling compound of Formula 1

##STR00001##

wherein A is an optionally substituted phenyl, naphthalene, indole, purine, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, pyrimidine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, or thiazole; and Z has the following structure:

##STR00002##

wherein X
is —O—, —N(R.sub.10)—, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O—, —N(R.sub.10)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R.sub.10)—, —OC(O)O—, —OC(O)N(R.sub.10)—, —N(R.sub.10)C(O)O—, or —N(R.sub.10)C(O)N(R.sub.10)—; p is an integer from 0 to 10; R.sub.6 is hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl; R.sub.7 is alkyl, aryl, or —(CH.sub.2)z-O—R.sub.11; R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 are independently hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; R.sub.10 is hydrogen or alkyl; R.sub.11 is hydrogen or alkyl; m is independently an integer from 2 to 20; n is independently an integer from 3 to 20; and z is an integer from 1 to 10, wherein at least one of R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 are other than hydrogen and wherein the antifouling composition reduces biofilm growth in a system comprising an aqueous medium.

The present invention provides a method for producing a hetero-type monodisperse polyethylene glycol, which includes a step (A) of carrying out a nucleophilic substitution reaction between a compound of the formula (2) and a compound of the formula (3) so as to satisfy the requirement of the expression (F1) to obtain a compound of the formula (4), a step (B) of carrying out the Michaels addition reaction of a compound of the formula (5) to the compound of the formula (4) at a temperature condition of 10° C. or lower to obtain a compound of the formula (6), a step (C) of detritylating or debenzylating the compound of the formula (6) to obtain a reaction product containing a compound of the formula (7), a step (D) of purifying the compound of formula (7) from the reaction product, a step (E) of reacting the compound of the formula (7) with phthalimide and performing dephthalimidation to obtain a compound of the formula (8), and a step (F) of subjecting the compound of formula (8) to an acid hydrolysis treatment to obtain a compound represented by the formula (1).

The present invention provides a method for producing a hetero-type monodisperse polyethylene glycol, which includes a step (A) of carrying out a nucleophilic substitution reaction between a compound of the formula (2) and a compound of the formula (3) so as to satisfy the requirement of the expression (F1) to obtain a compound of the formula (4), a step (B) of carrying out the Michaels addition reaction of a compound of the formula (5) to the compound of the formula (4) at a temperature condition of 10° C. or lower to obtain a compound of the formula (6), a step (C) of detritylating or debenzylating the compound of the formula (6) to obtain a reaction product containing a compound of the formula (7), a step (D) of purifying the compound of formula (7) from the reaction product, a step (E) of reacting the compound of the formula (7) with phthalimide and performing dephthalimidation to obtain a compound of the formula (8), and a step (F) of subjecting the compound of formula (8) to an acid hydrolysis treatment to obtain a compound represented by the formula (1).

Provided is a surfactant of structure (I), wherein m is a value in a range of 3 to 10, n is a value in a range of 3 to 20 and z is a value in a range of 1 to 3. Said surfactant is useful as a biodegradable low foaming surfactant.

##STR00001##

Provided is a surfactant of structure (I), wherein m is a value in a range of 3 to 10, n is a value in a range of 3 to 20 and z is a value in a range of 1 to 3. Said surfactant is useful as a biodegradable low foaming surfactant.

##STR00001##