A method includes the step of contacting an olefin, an alcohol, a metallosilicate catalyst and a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises structure (I) wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen or an alkyl group and R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group or an alkoxy group.

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Disclosed are novel bridged bi-aromatic phenol ligands and transition metal compounds derived therefrom. Also disclosed are methods of making the ligands and transition metal compounds.

The present invention relates to a mannitol-based amphipathic compound, a method of preparing the same, a method of extracting, solubilizing, stabilizing or crystallizing a membrane protein using the compound, and a method of analyzing a structure of the membrane protein under an electron microscope using the compound. When the mannitol-based compound according to the present invention is used, the membrane protein can be stably stored in an aqueous solution for a prolonged period of time and thus can be applied to analysis of functions and structures thereof. Since the analysis of the structures and functions of the membrane protein is one of the fields of most interest in biology and chemistry currently, and more than half of new drugs currently in development are targeting membrane proteins, the present invention is applicable to research on the structures of membrane proteins closely related to the development of the new drugs.

The present invention relates to a mannitol-based amphipathic compound, a method of preparing the same, a method of extracting, solubilizing, stabilizing or crystallizing a membrane protein using the compound, and a method of analyzing a structure of the membrane protein under an electron microscope using the compound. When the mannitol-based compound according to the present invention is used, the membrane protein can be stably stored in an aqueous solution for a prolonged period of time and thus can be applied to analysis of functions and structures thereof. Since the analysis of the structures and functions of the membrane protein is one of the fields of most interest in biology and chemistry currently, and more than half of new drugs currently in development are targeting membrane proteins, the present invention is applicable to research on the structures of membrane proteins closely related to the development of the new drugs.

The present invention relates generally to narrow range alcohol alkoxylates and derivatives thereof, such as alkyl ether sulfates.

Provided are a polyol glyceryl ether, and a multi-armed polyethylene glycol and the multi-armed polyethylene glycol active derivative prepared using the same. The multi-armed polyethylene glycol is formed by polymerizing ethylene oxide with the polyol glyceryl ether as an initiator, and has the structure of general formula II, wherein B is a polyol group, n is an integer between 3 and 22, PEG is the same or not the same (OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.m, and the average value of m is an integer between 3 and 250. The multi-armed polyethylene glycol has a relatively low poly-dispersity and a relatively high determined molecular weight. Also provided is a conjugate of the multi-armed polyethylene glycol active derivative and pharmaceutical molecules, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the conjugate, and a gel formed by the multi-armed polyethylene glycol active derivative. The gel can be used to prepare a sustained-release drug for prolonging the time of the drug action.

Provided are a polyol glyceryl ether, and a multi-armed polyethylene glycol and the multi-armed polyethylene glycol active derivative prepared using the same. The multi-armed polyethylene glycol is formed by polymerizing ethylene oxide with the polyol glyceryl ether as an initiator, and has the structure of general formula II, wherein B is a polyol group, n is an integer between 3 and 22, PEG is the same or not the same (OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.m, and the average value of m is an integer between 3 and 250. The multi-armed polyethylene glycol has a relatively low poly-dispersity and a relatively high determined molecular weight. Also provided is a conjugate of the multi-armed polyethylene glycol active derivative and pharmaceutical molecules, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the conjugate, and a gel formed by the multi-armed polyethylene glycol active derivative. The gel can be used to prepare a sustained-release drug for prolonging the time of the drug action.

A method of detecting a protein by mass spectrometry comprises: providing a solution comprising a hybrid detergent and a protein; providing a mass spectrometer comprising a nanoelectrospray ionisation source; vaporising the solution; ionising the protein; resolving the ionised protein; and detecting the resolved protein. The mass spectrometry methods may be used to interrogate the lipidome of a protein of interest, and/or for analysing membrane proteins in the form of complexes with ligands, and in particular lipids.

The present invention relates generally to narrow range alcohol alkoxylates and derivatives thereof, such as alkyl ether sulfates.

The present invention relates generally to narrow range alcohol alkoxylates and derivatives thereof, such as alkyl ether sulfates.