To provide a fluorinated polyether compound capable of forming a film excellent in lubricity, a lubricant and a liquid composition, as well as an article having a film excellent in lubricity, on a substrate. A fluorinated polyether compound represented by {XO[(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.b]}.sub.mY{[(OCF.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.c(OCF.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.d]OZ}.sub.n is used. X is a group having a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, an ester group or an aryl group, Y is an (m+n) valent linking group, Z is a group having a haloalkyl group, each of m and n is an integer of from 1 to 10, m+n is an integer of from 2 to 20, and each of a, b, c and d is an integer of from 1 to 100.

To provide a fluorinated ether compound, a fluorinated ether composition and a coating liquid, capable of forming a surface layer which has high initial water/oil repellency and which is excellent in abrasion resistance, fingerprint stain removability, lubricity and uniformity, as well as a substrate having such a surface layer, and a method for its production. A substrate having a surface layer formed of a fluorinated ether compound represented by D.sup.1-R.sup.f1OCH.sub.2(C.sub.mF.sub.2mO).sub.n-A (D.sup.1 is CF.sub.3 or CF.sub.3O; R.sup.f1 is a C.sub.1-20 fluoroalkylene group containing at least one hydrogen atom, etc.; m is 1 to 6; n is 1 to 200; A is C.sub.aF.sub.2aBC.sub.bH.sub.2bSiL.sub.cR.sub.3-c; B is C.sub.gH.sub.2gO, C.sub.hH.sub.2hOC(O)NH, etc.; L is a hydrolysable group; R is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, etc.; a is 1 to 5; b is 1 to 10; c is 1 to 3; g is 1 to 5; and h is 1 to 5) or a fluorinated ether composition containing the compound; and a method for its production.

What is provided is a fluorine-containing ether compound represented by the following formula.
R.sup.1CH.sub.2R.sup.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2R.sup.3CH.sub.2R.sup.4
(In the formula, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are perfluoropolyether chains, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 are terminal groups having two or three polar groups, in which individual polar groups are bound to different carbon atoms and the carbon atoms to which the polar groups are bound are bound to each other via a linking group having a carbon atom to which the polar groups are not bound).

Fluorine-containing boric acid composite capsule particles comprising a condensate of a fluorine-containing alcohol, a guest compound, and boric acid particles, wherein the fluorine-containing alcohol is represented by the general formula:

R.sub.F-A-OH

wherein R.sub.F is: a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms, a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group containing a terminal perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms and a perfluoroalkylene group having 6 or less carbon atoms, and containing an O, S, or N atom, or a polyfluoroalkyl group in which some of the fluorine atom or atoms of the perfluoroalkyl group are replaced by hydrogen atom or atoms, and which contains a terminal perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms and a perfluoroalkylene group having 6 or less carbon atoms, wherein the perfluoroalkylene group may contain an O, S, or N atom, and one fluorine atom of the terminal perfluoroalkyl group may be replaced by (CH.sub.2).sub.f0H (wherein f is an integer of 1 to 3); and A is an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Fluorine-containing boric acid composite capsule particles comprising a condensate of a fluorine-containing alcohol, a guest compound, and boric acid particles, wherein the fluorine-containing alcohol is represented by the general formula:

R.sub.F-A-OH

wherein R.sub.F is: a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms, a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group containing a terminal perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms and a perfluoroalkylene group having 6 or less carbon atoms, and containing an O, S, or N atom, or a polyfluoroalkyl group in which some of the fluorine atom or atoms of the perfluoroalkyl group are replaced by hydrogen atom or atoms, and which contains a terminal perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms and a perfluoroalkylene group having 6 or less carbon atoms, wherein the perfluoroalkylene group may contain an O, S, or N atom, and one fluorine atom of the terminal perfluoroalkyl group may be replaced by (CH.sub.2).sub.f0H (wherein f is an integer of 1 to 3); and A is an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

The present invention aims to provide a water-absorbing resin crosslinking agent which is excellent in safety and which can effectively crosslink a water-absorbing resin at low temperatures to produce a water-absorbing agent having a high water absorption capacity. The present invention also aims to provide a water-absorbing agent produced by crosslinking a water-absorbing resin with the water-absorbing resin crosslinking agent, and a method for producing the water-absorbing agent. The present invention may include a water-absorbing resin crosslinking agent containing a halohydrin compound having one halohydrin group represented by the following formula (1) in its molecule:

##STR00001##

wherein A represents a single bond or an alkylene group; R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; and X represents a chlorine atom or a bromine atom.

This fluorine-containing ether compound is represented by formula (1) shown below.
R.sup.1CH.sub.2R.sup.2CH.sub.2R.sup.3(1) In formula (1), R.sup.2 is a perfluoropolyether chain represented by a formula (2) shown below. R.sup.1 is a terminal group that is bonded to R.sup.2 via a CH.sub.2 group, and is represented by a formula (3) shown below. R.sup.3 is bonded to R.sup.2 via a CH.sub.2 group, is a terminal group having at least one hydroxyl group, and may be the same as, or different from, R.sup.1.
(CF.sub.2).sub.p-1O((CF.sub.2).sub.pO).sub.q(CF.sub.2).sub.p-1(2) In formula (2), p represents an integer of 2 to 3, and q indicates the average polymerization degree and is a number within a range from 1 to 20.
O(CH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2O).sub.2CH.sub.2(CH.sub.2).sub.nOH(3) In formula (3), n represents an integer of 1 to 8.