A renewable fuel may be obtained from a bio-oil containing C.sub.3-C.sub.5 oxygenates. In a first step, the bio-oil is subjected to a condensation reaction in which the oxygenates undergo a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction to produce a stream containing C.sub.6+ oxygenates. In a second step, the stream is hydrotreated to produce C.sub.6+ hydrocarbons.

A method for producing mixed aldol products from the products of hydroformylation reactions. In one embodiment, the method comprises mixing hydroformylation reaction products comprising aldehydes with a catalyst inside a reactor to create a mixture. The method also includes agitating the mixture at a temperature in a range of between about 200 F. to about 275 F. to create a reacted mixture. The reacted mixture is then cooled in the reactor to create an organic phase and an aqueous phase. The organic phase is pumped out of the reactor and may then be transferred to a distillation tower. The organic phase may be distilled until any mixed aldol products are isolated, wherein the mixed aldol products may be subsequently removed.

A method for producing mixed aldol products from the products of hydroformylation reactions. In one embodiment, the method comprises mixing hydroformylation reaction products comprising aldehydes with a catalyst inside a reactor to create a mixture. The method also includes agitating the mixture at a temperature in a range of between about 200 F. to about 275 F. to create a reacted mixture. The reacted mixture is then cooled in the reactor to create an organic phase and an aqueous phase. The organic phase is pumped out of the reactor and may then be transferred to a distillation tower. The organic phase may be distilled until any mixed aldol products are isolated, wherein the mixed aldol products may be subsequently removed.

A method for producing mixed aldol products from the products of hydroformylation reactions. In one embodiment, the method comprises mixing hydroformylation reaction products comprising aldehydes with a catalyst inside a reactor to create a mixture. The method also includes agitating the mixture at a temperature in a range of between about 200 F. to about 275 F. to create a reacted mixture. The reacted mixture is then cooled in the reactor to create an organic phase and an aqueous phase. The organic phase is pumped out of the reactor and may then be transferred to a distillation tower. The organic phase may be distilled until any mixed aldol products are isolated, wherein the mixed aldol products may be subsequently removed.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a method for making fuels and feedstocks from readily available alcohol starting materials. In some embodiments, the method concerns converting alcohols to carbonyl-containing compounds and then condensing such carbonyl-containing compounds together to form oligomerized species. These oligomerized species can then be reduced using by-products from the conversion of the alcohol. In some embodiments, the method further comprises converting saturated, oligomerized, carbonyl-containing compounds to aliphatic fuels.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a method for making fuels and feedstocks from readily available alcohol starting materials. In some embodiments, the method concerns converting alcohols to carbonyl-containing compounds and then condensing such carbonyl-containing compounds together to form oligomerized species. These oligomerized species can then be reduced using by-products from the conversion of the alcohol. In some embodiments, the method further comprises converting saturated, oligomerized, carbonyl-containing compounds to aliphatic fuels.

The present invention is directed to inhibitors of tyrosinase, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such tyrosinase inhibitors, and methods of making and using the same. Specifically, included in the present invention are compositions of matter comprised of at least one 2,4-dihydroxybenzene analog, which inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and which inhibit the overproduction of melanin.

The present invention is directed to inhibitors of tyrosinase, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such tyrosinase inhibitors, and methods of making and using the same. Specifically, included in the present invention are compositions of matter comprised of at least one 2,4-dihydroxybenzene analog, which inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and which inhibit the overproduction of melanin.

The present invention is directed to inhibitors of tyrosinase, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such tyrosinase inhibitors, and methods of making and using the same. Specifically, included in the present invention are compositions of matter comprised of at least one 2,4-dihydroxybenzene analog, which inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and which inhibit the overproduction of melanin.

There is provided a novel intermediate for producing pesticides. A method for producing the compound of Formula (3) comprises reacting an aromatic ketone compound of Formula (4) and a substituted acetophenone compound of Formula (5) as starting raw materials in an organic solvent or water in the presence or absence of an additive in the presence of a base in a suspended state. A method may comprise dehydrating the compound of Formula (3). A method for producing compound (2) in one step comprises reacting compound (4) and compound (5) to obtain compound (3). Further, a method for producing an isoxazoline compound of Formula (1) comprises reacting compound (2) and a hydroxylamine in an aliphatic or an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent which is optionally substituted by a halogen atom by adding an additive selected from a phase-transfer catalyst, a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alcohol and an aprotic polar solvent in the presence of a base and water.