Methods of preparing unsaturated compounds or analogs through dehydrogenation of corresponding saturated compounds and/or hydrogenation of aromatic compounds are disclosed.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards methods of making an alkylated metallocene having one or more tetrahydropentalenyl groups, the method comprising: reacting a chloride compound with a lithium compound to make a reaction mixture comprising an intermediate dichloride compound; and reacting the intermediate dichloride compound with an alkylating agent to make the alkylated metallocene having one or more tetrahydropentalenyl groups, wherein the dichloride compound is not isolated from the reaction mixture, wherein the lithium compound is represented by: wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 are each independently H or a (C1-C4) alkyl.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to use of at least one compound of formula (I) as aroma ingredient. The compound of formula (I) is used to impart an aroma impression which is reminiscent of a sweet note, technical note, tobacco note, balsamic note, herbal note, fruity note, woody note, pine needle note, eucalyptus note, powdery note, or a combination of two or more notes to a composition and also enhancing and/or modifying the aroma of a composition. The present invention is further directed to a composition comprising compound of formula (I) and (i) at least one aroma chemical different from compound of formula (I) or (ii) at least one non-aroma chemical carrier, or (iii) both (i) and (ii).

Novel intermediates for the complete synthesis of vitamin D are provided that allow a great versatility of functional groups in the final vitamin derivatives. Vitamin derivatives that are epimeric in position 3 and vitamin derivatives with a wide range of functionalities in position 18, including compounds with isotopic labelling are provided.

Novel intermediates for the complete synthesis of vitamin D are provided that allow a great versatility of functional groups in the final vitamin derivatives. Vitamin derivatives that are epimeric in position 3 and vitamin derivatives with a wide range of functionalities in position 18, including compounds with isotopic labelling are provided.

Topoisomerase II alpha (topo II) is exported from the cell nucleus in human myeloma cells by a chromosome-maintenance protein-1 (CRM1)-dependent mechanism, resulting in topo II inhibitor resistance. The nuclear export signal (NES) of topo II is unique, making it a potential target for small molecule inhibitors. Small molecules NES inhibitors were identified, which inhibited binding of topo II to the export receptor CRM1. Inhibition was specific to topo II as p53 trafficking was unaffected along with topo II protein expression and function (decatenation). These topo II-specific nuclear export inhibitors may potentially lead to a new approach in circumventing drug resistance in multiple myeloma. The compounds provide a protocol for treating multiple myeloma or an oncogenic disease. Further, the topoisomerase II nuclear export signal inhibitor may be combined with a topoisomerase II inhibitor.

Topoisomerase II alpha (topo II) is exported from the cell nucleus in human myeloma cells by a chromosome-maintenance protein-1 (CRM1)-dependent mechanism, resulting in topo II inhibitor resistance. The nuclear export signal (NES) of topo II is unique, making it a potential target for small molecule inhibitors. Small molecules NES inhibitors were identified, which inhibited binding of topo II to the export receptor CRM1. Inhibition was specific to topo II as p53 trafficking was unaffected along with topo II protein expression and function (decatenation). These topo II-specific nuclear export inhibitors may potentially lead to a new approach in circumventing drug resistance in multiple myeloma. The compounds provide a protocol for treating multiple myeloma or an oncogenic disease. Further, the topoisomerase II nuclear export signal inhibitor may be combined with a topoisomerase II inhibitor.