Disclosed herein are compounds of Formulae (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), (Ig), (Ih), (Ik), (Im), (In), (Io), (Ip), (Iq), (Ir), (Is) and (It), methods of synthesizing compounds of Formulae (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), (Ig), (Ih), (Ik), (Im), (In), (Io), (Ip), (Iq), (Ir), (Is) and (It), and methods of using compounds of Formulae (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), (Ig), (Ih), (Ik), (Im), (In), (Io), (Ip), (Iq), (Ir), (Is) and (It) as an analgesic.

The subject matter of the present invention is novel families of compounds which are aromatic amine, imine, aminoadamantane and benzodiazepine derivatives, medicaments comprising same and the use thereof as inhibitors of the toxic effects of toxins with intracellular activity, such as, for example, ricin, and of viruses that use the internalization pathway for infecting cells.

The subject matter of the present invention is novel families of compounds which are aromatic amine, imine, aminoadamantane and benzodiazepine derivatives, medicaments comprising same and the use thereof as inhibitors of the toxic effects of toxins with intracellular activity, such as, for example, ricin, and of viruses that use the internalization pathway for infecting cells.

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

Compounds of formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, can modulate the activity of one or more SIP receptors and/or the activity of autotaxin (ATX).

Compounds of formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, can modulate the activity of one or more SIP receptors and/or the activity of autotaxin (ATX).

Compounds of formula (I) can modulate the activity of one or more S 1P receptors. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S IP) is a lysophospholipid mediator that evokes a variety of cellular responses by stimulation of five members of the endothelial cell differentiation gene (EDG) receptor family, namely S1P1, S1P2, S1P3, S1P4, and S1P5 (formerly EDG1, EDG5, EDG3, EDG6 and EDG8). The EDG receptors are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and on stimulation propagate second messenger signals via activation of heterotrimeric G-protein alpha (Ga.) subunits and beta-gamma (G( )y) dimers.

Compounds of formula (I) can modulate the activity of one or more S 1P receptors. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S IP) is a lysophospholipid mediator that evokes a variety of cellular responses by stimulation of five members of the endothelial cell differentiation gene (EDG) receptor family, namely S1P1, S1P2, S1P3, S1P4, and S1P5 (formerly EDG1, EDG5, EDG3, EDG6 and EDG8). The EDG receptors are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and on stimulation propagate second messenger signals via activation of heterotrimeric G-protein alpha (Ga.) subunits and beta-gamma (G( )y) dimers.

Provided is a novel nanoparticle, a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging containing the same, and a zwitterionic ligand compound used in production of the nanoparticle. The contrast agent for MRI of the present invention can be suitably used as a contrast agent for MRI in a medical field. The nanoparticle and the zwitterionic ligand compound of the present invention are applicable to various pharmaceutical compositions and the like, including a contrast agent for MRI, and can be used widely in the fields of pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and the like, including various diagnosis methods and examination reagents.

Provided is a novel nanoparticle, a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging containing the same, and a zwitterionic ligand compound used in production of the nanoparticle. The contrast agent for MRI of the present invention can be suitably used as a contrast agent for MRI in a medical field. The nanoparticle and the zwitterionic ligand compound of the present invention are applicable to various pharmaceutical compositions and the like, including a contrast agent for MRI, and can be used widely in the fields of pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and the like, including various diagnosis methods and examination reagents.