The present invention relates to a method for synthesizing a compound of Formula (I) ##STR00001## as defined herein, comprising: (i) activating a compound of Formula (II) ##STR00002## as defined herein, by reacting said compound of Formula (II) with a compound of Formula (III) ##STR00003## as defined herein, in the presence of a base, to obtain a compound of Formula (IV) ##STR00004## as defined herein; and (ii) reacting the compound of Formula (IV) with an electrophile to obtain the compound of Formula (I). The present invention further relates to the organocatalysts used in the described methods and their respective uses.

The present disclosure related to compounds that can be useful as inhibitors of PD-1, PD-L1 or the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Also disclosed herein are pharmaceutical compositions of that can include a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and uses of or methods of using a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment of PD-L1 related diseases including but not limited to liver diseases, cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, viral diseases, or hepatitis B.

Compositions and methods for repelling arthropods. The compositions include a carrier and an arthropod repelling compound, which can be a compound discovered by a novel and complex cheminformatic process to demonstrate repellency behavior across a broad spectrum of arthropods. The compound can be a thiane compound, a pyrrolidone compound, a cyclohexadiene compound, a cyclohexenone compound, a cyclohexene compound, a furanone compound, a pyran compound, a tetrahydropyran compound, a thiazolidine compound, a thiazoline compound, a dihydrothiophene compound, a dithiolane compound, a dithiane compound, an epoxide compound, an oxathiane compound, a cyclopentene compound, a cyclohexane compound, a quinoline compound, an oxazoline compound, a tetrahydropyridine compound, and an imidazolidinone compound, or a combination thereof.

Compositions and methods for repelling arthropods. The compositions include a carrier and an arthropod repelling compound, which can be a compound discovered by a novel and complex cheminformatic process to demonstrate repellency behavior across a broad spectrum of arthropods. The compound can be a thiane compound, a pyrrolidone compound, a cyclohexadiene compound, a cyclohexenone compound, a cyclohexene compound, a furanone compound, a pyran compound, a tetrahydropyran compound, a thiazolidine compound, a thiazoline compound, a dihydrothiophene compound, a dithiolane compound, a dithiane compound, an epoxide compound, an oxathiane compound, a cyclopentene compound, a cyclohexane compound, a quinoline compound, an oxazoline compound, a tetrahydropyridine compound, and an imidazolidinone compound, or a combination thereof.

Methods, compositions and kits are disclosed directed at levetiracetam derivatives, immunogens, signal generating moieties, antibodies that bind levetiracetam and immunoassays for detection of levetiracetam.

Methods, compositions and kits are disclosed directed at levetiracetam derivatives, immunogens, signal generating moieties, antibodies that bind levetiracetam and immunoassays for detection of levetiracetam.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula (1), including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, (Formula (1)) wherein G, J, Q.sup.1, R.sup.4, Y.sup.2, Q.sup.2, R.sup.5 and Y.sup.1 are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula (1) and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the undesired vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are compounds of Formula (1), including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, (Formula (1)) wherein G, J, Q.sup.1, R.sup.4, Y.sup.2, Q.sup.2, R.sup.5 and Y.sup.1 are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula (1) and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the undesired vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a macrocyclic compound as a CDK inhibitor, a preparation method therefor and the use thereof in medicine. Specifically, the present invention relates to a novel macrocyclic compound represented by a general formula (I), a preparation method therefor, a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound, the use thereof as a therapeutic agent, particularly as a CDK inhibitor, and the use thereof in treating cancers, inflammation, viral infections, cardiac hypertrophy or HIV, wherein each substituent of the general formula (I) is the same as that defined in the description.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to novel compounds of general formula (I) wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 and n have the meanings given in the description and claims, process for preparing these compounds and their use as for treating, preventing or ameliorating viral infections and their use for treating, preventing or ameliorating diseases which are associated with PLA2G16. ##STR00001##