Provided herein are compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of formula I ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are as described herein. Also provided pharmaceutically acceptable salts or stereoisomers of these compounds. In addition methods are provided for inhibiting the binding of an integrin to treat various pathophysiological conditions.

Provided herein are compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of formula I ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are as described herein. Also provided pharmaceutically acceptable salts or stereoisomers of these compounds. In addition methods are provided for inhibiting the binding of an integrin to treat various pathophysiological conditions.

Lactams for use in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, including chronic lung infections in patients having cystic fibrosis.

Lactams for use in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, including chronic lung infections in patients having cystic fibrosis.

The present invention provides a novel antibiotic compound represented by the following formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an ester thereof, a prodrug thereof, a solvate thereof, or a deuterated analog thereof, or a stereoisomer thereof. The compound of the present invention exhibits excellent antibacterial activity, especially against Gram bacteria.

##STR00001##

wherein each group is defined as in the description.

The present invention discloses a phosphine free cobalt based catalyst of formula (I) and a process for preparation thereof. The present invention further discloses a process for the synthesis of aromatic heterocyclic compounds of formula (II) and pyrazine derivative using the phosphine free cobalt based catalyst of formula (I).

The present invention discloses a phosphine free cobalt based catalyst of formula (I) and a process for preparation thereof. The present invention further discloses a process for the synthesis of aromatic heterocyclic compounds of formula (II) and pyrazine derivative using the phosphine free cobalt based catalyst of formula (I).

The present invention provides a pyrrole compound represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a production method of a sulfonylpyrrole compound useful as a pharmaceutical product, a production method of an intermediate used for the method, and a novel intermediate. The present invention relates to a method of producing sulfonylpyrrole compound (VIII), which includes reducing compound (III) and hydrolyzing the reduced product to give compound (IV), subjecting compound (IV) to a sulfonylation reaction to give compound (VI), and subjecting compound (VI) to an amination reaction. ##STR00001##

The present invention provides a production method of a sulfonylpyrrole compound useful as a pharmaceutical product, a production method of an intermediate used for the method, and a novel intermediate. The present invention relates to a method of producing sulfonylpyrrole compound (VIII), which includes reducing compound (III) and hydrolyzing the reduced product to give compound (IV), subjecting compound (IV) to a sulfonylation reaction to give compound (VI), and subjecting compound (VI) to an amination reaction. ##STR00001##