The invention is directed towards compounds (e.g., Formulae (I)-(IX)), their mechanism of action, processes to prepare the compounds, methods of activating quorum sensing signaling activity, and methods of treating diseases and disorders using the compounds described herein (e.g., Formulae (I)-(IX)).

The invention is directed towards compounds (e.g., Formulae (I)-(IX)), their mechanism of action, processes to prepare the compounds, methods of activating quorum sensing signaling activity, and methods of treating diseases and disorders using the compounds described herein (e.g., Formulae (I)-(IX)).

Described here are transition metal-catalyzed enantioselective arylation and vinylation reactions of α-substituted lactams, such as γ-lactams. The use of various electrophiles and ligands are described, and result in the construction of α-quaternary centers in good yields (up to 91% yield) and high enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee).

Described here are transition metal-catalyzed enantioselective arylation and vinylation reactions of α-substituted lactams, such as γ-lactams. The use of various electrophiles and ligands are described, and result in the construction of α-quaternary centers in good yields (up to 91% yield) and high enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee).

A pyrrolinone compound represented by formula 1. R.sub.1 is selected from one of C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkoxy, benzyloxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl, or a phenyl group; R.sub.2, R.sub.3 at each occurrence independently represent hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkylthio, C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkane sulfinyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkane sulfonyl, a substituted phenyl, a substituted phenoxy, a substituted phenylthio, a substituted phenylene sulfinyl, or a substituted benzene sulfonyl; and n.sub.1, n.sub.2 at each occurrence independently are an integer from 1 to 5.

A pyrrolinone compound represented by formula 1. R.sub.1 is selected from one of C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkoxy, benzyloxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl, or a phenyl group; R.sub.2, R.sub.3 at each occurrence independently represent hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkylthio, C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkane sulfinyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkane sulfonyl, a substituted phenyl, a substituted phenoxy, a substituted phenylthio, a substituted phenylene sulfinyl, or a substituted benzene sulfonyl; and n.sub.1, n.sub.2 at each occurrence independently are an integer from 1 to 5.

The disclosure provides a dipyrrolidine-1-one compound represented by formula 1; R is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl, or benzyl; R.sub.1 is selected from thiophenyl, phenylsulfinyl, phenylsulfonyl, p-toluene sulfide, p-tosylsulfinyl, and tosyl; and R.sub.2 is selected from methyl, alkoxycarbonyl, formyl, acetoxymethyl, carboxyl, and hydrogen. The compound is prepared by a compound represented by formula 2 and a compound represented by formula 3 through a condensation reaction.

The disclosure provides a dipyrrolidine-1-one compound represented by formula 1; R is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl, or benzyl; R.sub.1 is selected from thiophenyl, phenylsulfinyl, phenylsulfonyl, p-toluene sulfide, p-tosylsulfinyl, and tosyl; and R.sub.2 is selected from methyl, alkoxycarbonyl, formyl, acetoxymethyl, carboxyl, and hydrogen. The compound is prepared by a compound represented by formula 2 and a compound represented by formula 3 through a condensation reaction.

The present invention describes compounds modulating the function of mitochondrial complex I (NADH-quinone oxidoreductase) having formula (I) ##STR00001##

The present invention describes compounds modulating the function of mitochondrial complex I (NADH-quinone oxidoreductase) having formula (I) ##STR00001##