Disclosed are compositions and methods for preventing or reducing polymer formation and polymer deposition in equipment used in petrochemical processes. An antifoulant composition includes a combination of one or more antioxidants; one or more antipolymerants; one or more dispersants; and one or more solvents. A method of preventing or reducing fouling of process equipment used in an industrial process is also described. The method includes introducing into the process equipment an antifoulant composition, the antifoulant composition comprising a combination of one or more antioxidants; one or more antipolymerants; one or more dispersants; and one or more solvents.

The disclosure relates to compounds of formula (I), which are formyl peptide 2 (FPR2) receptor agonists and/or formyl peptide 1 (FPR1) receptor agonists. The disclosure also provides compositions and methods of using the compounds, for example, for the treatment of atherosclerosis, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and related diseases. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a macrocyclic compound as a CDK inhibitor, a preparation method therefor and the use thereof in medicine. Specifically, the present invention relates to a novel macrocyclic compound represented by a general formula (I), a preparation method therefor, a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound, the use thereof as a therapeutic agent, particularly as a CDK inhibitor, and the use thereof in treating cancers, inflammation, viral infections, cardiac hypertrophy or HIV, wherein each substituent of the general formula (I) is the same as that defined in the description.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides commercial processes for preparing 2-((3R,5R,6S)-5-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-((S)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)-3-methylbutan-2-yl)-3-methyl-2-oxopiperidin-3- yl)acetic acid as well as intermediates thereof.

The present invention provides commercial processes for preparing 2-((3R,5R,6S)-5-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-((S)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)-3-methylbutan-2-yl)-3-methyl-2-oxopiperidin-3- yl)acetic acid as well as intermediates thereof.

The present invention relates to an MDM2 inhibitor, a preparation method therefor, a pharmaceutical composition thereof, and the use thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to a compound represented by formula I. The compound has excellent MDM2 inhibitory activities, and can be used for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for treating cancers and other diseases related to MDM2 activities, particularly p53 wild-type cancer.

##STR00001##

Disclosed are a class of compounds as inhibitors of kinases such as TRK, c-MET, AXL, MER and/or VEGFR2, compositions and use thereof. In particular, disclosed are a class of compounds (as shown in formula (1)) or isomers, solvates, hydrates, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and prodrugs thereof having strong inhibition activities for kinases such as TRK, c-MET, AXL, MER and/or VEGFR2, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds. Also disclosed is use of the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions in the preparation of a medicament for treating autoimmune diseases or cancers.

##STR00001##

A method for extracting rare earth elements from aqueous solution, comprising: (i) acidifying an aqueous solution containing said rare earth elements with an inorganic acid to result in an acidified aqueous solution containing said rare earth elements and containing the inorganic acid in a concentration of 1-12 M, wherein said rare earth elements are selected from lanthanides, actinides, or combination thereof, and (ii) contacting the acidified aqueous solution with an aqueous-insoluble hydrophobic solution comprising a rare earth extractant compound dissolved in an aqueous-insoluble hydrophobic solvent to result in extraction of one or more of the rare earth elements into the aqueous-insoluble hydrophobic solution by binding of the rare earth extractant compound to the one or more rare earth elements, wherein the rare earth extractant compound has the following structure:

##STR00001##

provided that at least one of the conditions (a)-(d) applies.

Substituted cyclohexyl chemical entities of Formula (I): wherein R.sup.a, G, and R.sup.b have any of the values described herein, and compositions comprising such chemical entities; methods of making them; and their use in a wide range of methods, including metabolic and reaction kinetic studies; detection and imaging techniques; radioactive therapies; modulating and treating disorders mediated by nociceptin activity or dopamine signaling; treating neurological disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, depression, and schizophrenia; enhancing the efficiency of cognitive and motor training; and treating peripheral disorders, including renal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, liver, genitourinary, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders.

##STR00001##

Substituted cyclohexyl chemical entities of Formula (I): wherein R.sup.a, G, and R.sup.b have any of the values described herein, and compositions comprising such chemical entities; methods of making them; and their use in a wide range of methods, including metabolic and reaction kinetic studies; detection and imaging techniques; radioactive therapies; modulating and treating disorders mediated by nociceptin activity or dopamine signaling; treating neurological disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, depression, and schizophrenia; enhancing the efficiency of cognitive and motor training; and treating peripheral disorders, including renal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, liver, genitourinary, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders.

##STR00001##