Disclosed are compounds of Formulas (I), (II), (III), (IV), and (V): ##STR00001##
and/or a salt thereof, wherein R.sub.1 is OH or OP(O)(OH).sub.2, and X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, R.sub.2, R.sub.2a, R.sub.a, R.sub.b, and R.sub.c are defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds as selective agonists for G protein-coupled receptor S1P.sub.1, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, or slowing the progression of diseases or disorders in a variety of therapeutic areas, such as autoimmune diseases and vascular disease.

Disclosed are compounds of Formulas (I), (II), (III), (IV), and (V): ##STR00001##
and/or a salt thereof, wherein R.sub.1 is OH or OP(O)(OH).sub.2, and X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, R.sub.2, R.sub.2a, R.sub.a, R.sub.b, and R.sub.c are defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds as selective agonists for G protein-coupled receptor S1P.sub.1, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, or slowing the progression of diseases or disorders in a variety of therapeutic areas, such as autoimmune diseases and vascular disease.

Disclosed are sulfide-based compounds which are a product of a Michael addition reaction between a sulfur-containing donor group and an unsaturated hydrocarbon moiety. The sulfide-based compounds may be used in compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion.

Disclosed are sulfide-based compounds which are a product of a Michael addition reaction between a sulfur-containing donor group and an unsaturated hydrocarbon moiety. The sulfide-based compounds may be used in compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion.

An aqueous composition comprising (a) metal ions comprising tin ions and silver ions and (b) at least one complexing agent of formula (C1) R.sup.1X.sup.1SX.sup.21[D.sup.1-X.sup.22].sub.nSX.sup.3R.sup.2, (C2) R.sup.1X.sup.1SX.sup.31-D.sup.2-[X.sup.32S].sub.nX.sup.3R.sup.2, (C3) R.sup.3X.sup.1SX.sup.41-[D.sup.3-X.sup.42].sub.nSX.sup.3R.sup.4 wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.3 are independently selected from a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkanediyl, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by OH; X.sup.21, X.sup.22 are independently selected from X.sup.1, which may be further substituted by X.sup.5COOR.sup.12, X.sup.5SO.sub.2OR.sup.12, a C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 polyoxyalkylene group of formula (OCH.sub.2CHR.sup.11).sub.zOH, or a combination thereof, and X.sup.1NHCOX.sup.6CONHX.sup.1; X.sup.31, X.sup.32 are independently selected from a chemical bond and X.sup.1; X.sup.41, X.sup.42 are independently selected from X.sup.1; X.sup.5 is a linear or branched Ci to C10 alkyl; X.sup.6 is selected from X.sup.1 and a divalent 5 or 6 membered aromatic group; R.sup.1, R.sup.2 are independently selected from a monovalent 5 or 6 membered aromatic N-heterocyclic group comprising one N atom or two N atoms which are separated by at least one C atom, and its derivatives received by N-alkylation with a C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkyl group, which may be substituted by COOR.sup.12 or SO.sub.2OR.sup.12, and which aromatic N-heterocyclic group may optionally further comprise, under the proviso that X21 is substituted by at least one OH, one S atom; R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are independently selected from a monovalent 5 or 6 membered aliphatic N-heterocyclic group comprising one N atom and one O atom; D.sup.1 is independently selected from S, O and NR.sup.10?; D.sup.2 is (a) a divalent 5 or 6 membered aliphatic heterocyclic ring system comprising 1 or 2 S atoms, or (b) a 5 or 6 membered aromatic heterocyclic ring system comprising at least two N atoms and optionally one or two S atoms; D.sup.3 is independently selected from S and NR.sup.10?; n is an integer of from 0 to 5; z is an integer from 1 to 50; R.sup.10 is selected from H and a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl; R.sup.11 is selected from H and a linear or branched C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl; and R.sup.12 is selected from R10 and a cation.

An aqueous composition comprising (a) metal ions comprising tin ions and silver ions and (b) at least one complexing agent of formula (C1) R.sup.1X.sup.1SX.sup.21[D.sup.1-X.sup.22].sub.nSX.sup.3R.sup.2, (C2) R.sup.1X.sup.1SX.sup.31-D.sup.2-[X.sup.32S].sub.nX.sup.3R.sup.2, (C3) R.sup.3X.sup.1SX.sup.41-[D.sup.3-X.sup.42].sub.nSX.sup.3R.sup.4 wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.3 are independently selected from a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkanediyl, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by OH; X.sup.21, X.sup.22 are independently selected from X.sup.1, which may be further substituted by X.sup.5COOR.sup.12, X.sup.5SO.sub.2OR.sup.12, a C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 polyoxyalkylene group of formula (OCH.sub.2CHR.sup.11).sub.zOH, or a combination thereof, and X.sup.1NHCOX.sup.6CONHX.sup.1; X.sup.31, X.sup.32 are independently selected from a chemical bond and X.sup.1; X.sup.41, X.sup.42 are independently selected from X.sup.1; X.sup.5 is a linear or branched Ci to C10 alkyl; X.sup.6 is selected from X.sup.1 and a divalent 5 or 6 membered aromatic group; R.sup.1, R.sup.2 are independently selected from a monovalent 5 or 6 membered aromatic N-heterocyclic group comprising one N atom or two N atoms which are separated by at least one C atom, and its derivatives received by N-alkylation with a C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkyl group, which may be substituted by COOR.sup.12 or SO.sub.2OR.sup.12, and which aromatic N-heterocyclic group may optionally further comprise, under the proviso that X21 is substituted by at least one OH, one S atom; R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are independently selected from a monovalent 5 or 6 membered aliphatic N-heterocyclic group comprising one N atom and one O atom; D.sup.1 is independently selected from S, O and NR.sup.10?; D.sup.2 is (a) a divalent 5 or 6 membered aliphatic heterocyclic ring system comprising 1 or 2 S atoms, or (b) a 5 or 6 membered aromatic heterocyclic ring system comprising at least two N atoms and optionally one or two S atoms; D.sup.3 is independently selected from S and NR.sup.10?; n is an integer of from 0 to 5; z is an integer from 1 to 50; R.sup.10 is selected from H and a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl; R.sup.11 is selected from H and a linear or branched C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl; and R.sup.12 is selected from R10 and a cation.

Described herein is a chemical class of odorless thiols which can serve as reducing agents. This chemical class involves thiols which can be used as reducing agents for permanent styling treatments, depilatory compositions and other applications. The odorless thiols are thiols having a heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salt in their molecule.

Described herein is a method for treating hair including: (a) putting the hair in a desired shape; (b) before and/or after the hair is put in the desired shape, applying a reducing composition to the hair including: (i) from about 2.5% to about 15% of a cationic mercapto amino pyridinium compound or a cationic dimercapto amino pyridinium compound; (ii) from about 4% to about 10% of a buffering system; and (iii) from about 50% to about 93.5% of a solvent; (c) rinsing the reducing composition from the hair; (d) applying an oxidizing composition to the hair including: (i) from about 0.5% to about 12% of an oxidizing agent; and (ii) from about 80% to about 97% of a solvent; and (e) rinsing the oxidizing composition from the hair. The reducing composition has a pH of from about 8 to about 10.5;

The instant invention describes compounds of Formula I having metalloenzyme modulating activity, and methods of treating diseases, disorders or symptoms thereof mediated by such metalloenzymes.

##STR00001##

The instant invention describes compounds of Formula I having metalloenzyme modulating activity, and methods of treating diseases, disorders or symptoms thereof mediated by such metalloenzymes.

##STR00001##