In one aspect, the present disclosure provides caffeic acid derivatives of the formula: ##STR00001##
wherein the variables are as defined herein. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using of the compounds disclosed herein, including for the treatment of cancer.

Provided are a novel compound and an organic electronic device using the same. The novel compound is represented by the following Formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each independently C(R.sup.a), multiple (R.sup.a)s are the same or different, and the two (R.sup.a)s are joined together to form an aryl ring; wherein X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are each independently C(R.sup.b), multiple (R.sup.b)s are the same or different, and the two (R.sup.b)s are joined together to form a polycyclic aromatic ring.

Provided are a novel compound and an organic electronic device using the same. The novel compound is represented by the following Formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each independently C(R.sup.a), multiple (R.sup.a)s are the same or different, and the two (R.sup.a)s are joined together to form an aryl ring; wherein X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are each independently C(R.sup.b), multiple (R.sup.b)s are the same or different, and the two (R.sup.b)s are joined together to form a polycyclic aromatic ring.

The present disclosure relates to compounds that are capable of inhibiting the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier and promoting hair growth. The disclosure further relates to methods of promoting hair growth or treating conditions or disorders affecting hair growth, such as baldness or alopecia.

Disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing an aryl fluorosulfonate and a fluorinating reagent to a reaction mixture; and reacting the aryl fluorosulfonate and the fluorinating reagent to provide a fluorinated aryl species. Also disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing, a salt comprising a cation and an aryloxylate, and SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to a reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2 and the ammonium salt to provide a fluorinated aryl species. Further disclosed a fluorination method comprising providing a compound having the structure ArOH to a reaction mixture; where A is an aryl or heteroaryl; providing SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to the reaction mixture; providing a fluorinating reagent to the reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2, the fluorinating reagent and the compound having the structure ArOH to provide a fluorinated aryl species having the structure ArF.

Disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing an aryl fluorosulfonate and a fluorinating reagent to a reaction mixture; and reacting the aryl fluorosulfonate and the fluorinating reagent to provide a fluorinated aryl species. Also disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing, a salt comprising a cation and an aryloxylate, and SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to a reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2 and the ammonium salt to provide a fluorinated aryl species. Further disclosed a fluorination method comprising providing a compound having the structure ArOH to a reaction mixture; where A is an aryl or heteroaryl; providing SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to the reaction mixture; providing a fluorinating reagent to the reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2, the fluorinating reagent and the compound having the structure ArOH to provide a fluorinated aryl species having the structure ArF.

The invention provides compounds that inhibit FTO (fat mass and obesity), including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrides and stereoisomers thereof. The compounds are employed in pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of making and use, including treating a person in need thereof, particularly obesity, with an effective amount of the compound or composition, and detecting a resultant improvement in the person's health or condition.

The invention provides compounds that inhibit FTO (fat mass and obesity), including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrides and stereoisomers thereof. The compounds are employed in pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of making and use, including treating a person in need thereof, particularly obesity, with an effective amount of the compound or composition, and detecting a resultant improvement in the person's health or condition.

Provided herein is the design and synthesis of novel molecular rotor fluorophores useful for detection of amyloid or amyloid like proteins. The fluorophores are designed to exhibit enhanced fluorescence emission upon associating with amyloid or amyloid like proteins as compared to unbound compound. Also disclosed herein are methods for treating diseases associated with amyloid or amyloid like proteins.

Provided herein is the design and synthesis of novel molecular rotor fluorophores useful for detection of amyloid or amyloid like proteins. The fluorophores are designed to exhibit enhanced fluorescence emission upon associating with amyloid or amyloid like proteins as compared to unbound compound. Also disclosed herein are methods for treating diseases associated with amyloid or amyloid like proteins.