Improved methods for preparing chemical precursors to sulfonyl chloride III, which are important intermediates in the preparation of pyroxsulam herbicide are provided. Specifically, these precursors are compounds of Formulas VII and/or VIII, and IX, wherein R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, X is Cl or OH, Y is halogen, OH, or OR.sup.2, and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl.

##STR00001##

Improved methods for preparing chemical precursors to sulfonyl chloride III, which are important intermediates in the preparation of pyroxsulam herbicide are provided. Specifically, these precursors are compounds of Formulas VII and/or VIII, and IX, wherein R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, X is Cl or OH, Y is halogen, OH, or OR.sup.2, and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl.

##STR00001##

The invention relates to a novel substituted amino acids, agricultural compositions comprising the novel substituted amino acids, and their use for controlling undesired plant growth alone or in combination with crop protection agents such as pesticides or plant growth regulators.

The present disclosure discloses compounds capable of modulating the activity of α-amino-β-carboxymuconic acid semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD), which are useful for the prevention and/or the treatment of diseases and disorders associated with defects in NAD.sup.+ biosynthesis, e.g., metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, kidney diseases, and diseases associated with ageing. The present application also discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds and the use of such compounds as a medicament.

The present disclosure discloses compounds capable of modulating the activity of α-amino-β-carboxymuconic acid semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD), which are useful for the prevention and/or the treatment of diseases and disorders associated with defects in NAD.sup.+ biosynthesis, e.g., metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, kidney diseases, and diseases associated with ageing. The present application also discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds and the use of such compounds as a medicament.

The present disclosure is concerned with 2-pyrimidone compounds that are capable of inhibiting a viral infection and methods of treating alphavirus viral infections such as, for example, chikungunya, Eastern equine encephalitis (EEEV), Western equine encephalitis (WEEV), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis using these compounds. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

The present disclosure is concerned with 2-pyrimidone compounds that are capable of inhibiting a viral infection and methods of treating alphavirus viral infections such as, for example, chikungunya, Eastern equine encephalitis (EEEV), Western equine encephalitis (WEEV), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis using these compounds. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

A heterocyclic compound is represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
in which R.sup.2 represents a C1-C6 alkyl group optionally having one or more halogen atoms, n is 0, R.sup.3 represents a C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group optionally having one or more substituents selected from Group B, q is 0, Het represents a group represented by the formulae Het 1 or Het 2, A.sup.1 represents a nitrogen atom, and Q.sup.2 represents an oxygen atom. The compound has excellent efficacy for controlling harmful arthropods. A composition is provided which contains the compound of formula (I) and one or more additional ingredients.

A heterocyclic compound is represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
in which R.sup.2 represents a C1-C6 alkyl group optionally having one or more halogen atoms, n is 0, R.sup.3 represents a C1-C6 chain hydrocarbon group optionally having one or more substituents selected from Group B, q is 0, Het represents a group represented by the formulae Het 1 or Het 2, A.sup.1 represents a nitrogen atom, and Q.sup.2 represents an oxygen atom. The compound has excellent efficacy for controlling harmful arthropods. A composition is provided which contains the compound of formula (I) and one or more additional ingredients.

Provided herein are compounds, salts, crystalline forms, and pharmaceutical compositions that are related to thiobutyrate compounds, such as Compound (1) and its salts (such as sodium, potassium, and calcium salt), as well as methods of preparing the same. Also provided herein are methods of using the compounds, salts, crystalline forms, and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of diseases or disorders, such as gout and hyperuricemia.