Nitrogen heterocyclic carbine ligands and ruthenium catalysts thereof, a preparation method therefor and an application thereof are provided. The structures of the nitrogen heterocyclic carbine ligands are represented by formulas Ia and Ib, respectively, and the corresponding ruthenium catalyst structures are represented by IIa and IIb, respectively. After simultaneously introducing large-steric hindrance and electron-rich groups into the described nitrogen heterocyclic carbine ligand structures, the catalytic activity, stability and application range of the ruthenium complex catalysts thereof are significantly improved.

##STR00001##

Substituted aromatic sulfonamides of formula (I) ##STR00001##
pharmaceutical compositions and combinations comprising said compounds and the use of said compounds for manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease.

Substituted aromatic sulfonamides of formula (I) ##STR00001##
pharmaceutical compositions and combinations comprising said compounds and the use of said compounds for manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease.

Absorbent sheet is manufactured utilizing a low charge density debonder composition comprising an imidazolinium surfactant-containing constituent selected from the group consisting of: (i) cationic imidazolinium surfactants with alkylalkenylhydroxy substitution; (ii) zwitterionic imidazolinium surfactants; and (iii) an ion paired surfactant mixture including a zwitterionic imidazolinium surfactant and a cationic surfactant and, in admixture with the imidazolinium surfactant-containing constituent, (iv) a nonionic surfactant.

Absorbent sheet is manufactured utilizing a low charge density debonder composition comprising an imidazolinium surfactant-containing constituent selected from the group consisting of: (i) cationic imidazolinium surfactants with alkylalkenylhydroxy substitution; (ii) zwitterionic imidazolinium surfactants; and (iii) an ion paired surfactant mixture including a zwitterionic imidazolinium surfactant and a cationic surfactant and, in admixture with the imidazolinium surfactant-containing constituent, (iv) a nonionic surfactant.

Zwitterionic surfactant compounds and their use in connection with absorbent paper manufacture in debonder and softener formulations. An exemplary surfactant is an imidazolinium compound of formula: ##STR00001## wherein X is SO.sub.3, R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbyl spacer group having a chain length of from 2-6 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbyl group having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms; and R.sup.3 is an alkenylamidoalkyl moiety having from 8 to 30 carbon atoms.

Zwitterionic surfactant compounds and their use in connection with absorbent paper manufacture in debonder and softener formulations. An exemplary surfactant is an imidazolinium compound of formula: ##STR00001## wherein X is SO.sub.3, R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbyl spacer group having a chain length of from 2-6 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbyl group having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms; and R.sup.3 is an alkenylamidoalkyl moiety having from 8 to 30 carbon atoms.

The invention relates to a seal swell agent which is a substituted sulfonyldibenzene compound, and lubricating compositions containing the seal swell agent. The substituents on the benzene rings may be hydrocarbyl groups of 4 to 20 carbon atoms or alkylene groups of 1-2 carbon atoms with further functional groups.

Phenyl cyclohexanone based active agents, pharmaceutical preparations containing such active agents, methods of modifying cellular activity by contacting cells with such active agents, and methods of treating various conditions by administering such active agents to a patient are described.

Described herein, inter alia, are compositions and methods for modulating mu opioid receptor activity.