The invention provides methods for producing analgesia in an animal comprising administering to the animal a compound of the formula Ia, Ib, Ic, and Id: ##STR00001##
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the variables A, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.x, L, X, Y, and Z have the meaning as described herein.

The invention provides compounds of formula Ia, Ib, Ic, and Id:

##STR00001##

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the variables A, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.x, L, X, Y, and Z have the meaning as described herein. The compounds are useful for reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and for producing analgesia in an animal.

Silver sulfadiazine-immobilized inorganic fillers are described, and their synthesis is presented. The fillers are believed to have utility in dental composites and dental adhesives to achieve potent, long-term, and none-leaching antimicrobial effects.

Silver sulfadiazine-immobilized inorganic fillers are described, and their synthesis is presented. The fillers are believed to have utility in dental composites and dental adhesives to achieve potent, long-term, and none-leaching antimicrobial effects.

Described herein are compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of phenyl-pyrimidinyl-urea derivatives, which inhibit the activity of Olig2. An example of a phenyl-pyrimidinyl-urea derivative has the following structure: ##STR00001## Also described herein are methods using the Olig2 inhibitors for treating cancer and other diseases. The Olig2 inhibitors may be used to treat glioblastoma.