The present invention relates to a compound or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof having excellent tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase inhibitory activity. The present invention provides a compound represented by the following formula (I): wherein X.sup.1 represents a nitrogen atom or CR.sup.9, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a C.sup.1-C.sup.6 alkyl group, or a C.sup.1-C.sup.6 alkoxy group, R.sup.2 represents a halogen atom, R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and R5 represents a C.sup.1-C.sup.3 alkylsulfonyl group, a substituted C.sup.1-C.sup.6 alkyl group, a substituted C.sup.1-C.sup.6 haloalkyl group, a substituted C.sup.1-C.sup.6 alkoxy group, or a substituted C.sup.1-C.sup.6 alkylamino group, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a compound or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof having excellent tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase inhibitory activity. The present invention provides a compound represented by the following formula (I): wherein X.sup.1 represents a nitrogen atom or CR.sup.9, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a C.sup.1-C.sup.6 alkyl group, or a C.sup.1-C.sup.6 alkoxy group, R.sup.2 represents a halogen atom, R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and R5 represents a C.sup.1-C.sup.3 alkylsulfonyl group, a substituted C.sup.1-C.sup.6 alkyl group, a substituted C.sup.1-C.sup.6 haloalkyl group, a substituted C.sup.1-C.sup.6 alkoxy group, or a substituted C.sup.1-C.sup.6 alkylamino group, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.

##STR00001##

A new set of bench-stable fluoroalkylphosphines that directly convert C—H bonds in pyridine building blocks, drug-like fragments, and pharmaceuticals, into fluoroalkyl derivatives. No pre-installed functional groups or directing motifs are required. The reaction tolerates a variety of sterically and electronically distinct pyridines and is exclusively selective for the 4-position in most cases. The reaction proceeds via initial phosphonium salt formation followed by sp.sup.2-sp.sup.3 phosphorus ligand-coupling, an underdeveloped manifold for C—C bond formation.

Processes for preparing biheteroaryl compounds are provided, including the biheteroaryl compound 3-(difluoromethoxy)-5-[2-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-[(1S,4S)-2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-5-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine. Among other advantages, the processes provide for: the use of solvents that are relatively non-toxic and inexpensive; reduced usage of expensive precious metal catalysts; reaction temperature reduction in certain steps; the use of relatively non-toxic oxidation agents; the use of inexpensive transition metal catalysts; a reduction of molar ratios of certain reactants thereby improving process efficiency while reducing cost and waste; significantly higher reactant concentrations in certain steps; elimination of the need for multiple chromatographic purification steps; elimination of the need for certain extraction steps using organic solvent; and provide for higher yield and improved purity.

Processes for preparing biheteroaryl compounds are provided, including the biheteroaryl compound 3-(difluoromethoxy)-5-[2-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-[(1S,4S)-2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-5-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine. Among other advantages, the processes provide for: the use of solvents that are relatively non-toxic and inexpensive; reduced usage of expensive precious metal catalysts; reaction temperature reduction in certain steps; the use of relatively non-toxic oxidation agents; the use of inexpensive transition metal catalysts; a reduction of molar ratios of certain reactants thereby improving process efficiency while reducing cost and waste; significantly higher reactant concentrations in certain steps; elimination of the need for multiple chromatographic purification steps; elimination of the need for certain extraction steps using organic solvent; and provide for higher yield and improved purity.

The present invention provides NOS inhibitors such as iNOS inhibitors, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug, complex, solvate, hydrate, or isomer thereof, in any crystalline form or in amorphous form. The inhibitors include 1,1 or 1,2 substituted-ethyl carbamimido thioates, cyclic compounds substituted with a carbamimidoyl sulfanylethylphenyl group and a carbamimidoylsulfanyl group, compounds substituted with a carbamimidoyl sulfanylethyl phenylmethyl group, bis-carbamimidoylsulfanylethyl substituted compounds, 2-propoxypyridine derivatives, alkylamine or heteroalkylamine derivatives, n-aminoethyl n-phenyl amine derivatives, and saturated heterocyclic fused benzene derivatives. Pharmaceutical products comprising the NOS inhibitors such as iNOS inhibitors and the applications thereof in prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory diseases, and proliferative diseases such as cancer including gastro-intestinal, colorectal, gynecological, pancreatic, head and neck, esophageal, breast, lung, and central nervous system tumors, among others, are also provided.

The present invention provides NOS inhibitors such as iNOS inhibitors, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug, complex, solvate, hydrate, or isomer thereof, in any crystalline form or in amorphous form. The inhibitors include 1,1 or 1,2 substituted-ethyl carbamimido thioates, cyclic compounds substituted with a carbamimidoyl sulfanylethylphenyl group and a carbamimidoylsulfanyl group, compounds substituted with a carbamimidoyl sulfanylethyl phenylmethyl group, bis-carbamimidoylsulfanylethyl substituted compounds, 2-propoxypyridine derivatives, alkylamine or heteroalkylamine derivatives, n-aminoethyl n-phenyl amine derivatives, and saturated heterocyclic fused benzene derivatives. Pharmaceutical products comprising the NOS inhibitors such as iNOS inhibitors and the applications thereof in prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory diseases, and proliferative diseases such as cancer including gastro-intestinal, colorectal, gynecological, pancreatic, head and neck, esophageal, breast, lung, and central nervous system tumors, among others, are also provided.

The present invention provides compounds according to Formula I as described herein, and their use for inhibiting the lysine gingipain protease (Kgp) from the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis. Also described are gingipain activity probe compounds and methods for assaying gingipain activity are also described, as well as methods for the treatment of disorders associated with P. gingivalis infection, including brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.

The present invention provides compounds according to Formula I as described herein, and their use for inhibiting the lysine gingipain protease (Kgp) from the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis. Also described are gingipain activity probe compounds and methods for assaying gingipain activity are also described, as well as methods for the treatment of disorders associated with P. gingivalis infection, including brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.

The present invention provides a compound represented by the formula (I), which compound is useful for improving the abrasion resistance of a vulcanized rubber composition (the symbols in the following formula are as defined in the description).

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