The invention provides oxaspiro[2.5]octane derivatives and analogs, methods for preparation thereof, intermediates thereto, pharmaceutical compositions, and uses thereof in the treatment of various disorders and conditions, such as overweight and obesity.

A process for at least partially reactivating the catalytic activity of at least a partially deactivated catalyst following a reaction cycle, the catalyst having been used in a catalytic reaction process for hydrogenating an aromatic epoxide to produce a hydrogenated aliphatic epoxide; said process including contacting the at least partially deactivated catalyst with an oxygen-containing source at a temperature of less than about 100 C. and in the presence of a reactivation solvent for a pre-determined period of time sufficient to at least partially re-oxidize and reactivate the catalyst for further use; and a catalytic reaction process for hydrogenating an aromatic epoxide to produce a hydrogenated aliphatic epoxide including the above reactivating process step; and optionally including a step for washing the deactivated catalyst with a solvent prior to re-oxidizing the deactivated catalyst.

A process for at least partially reactivating the catalytic activity of at least a partially deactivated catalyst following a reaction cycle, the catalyst having been used in a catalytic reaction process for hydrogenating an aromatic epoxide to produce a hydrogenated aliphatic epoxide; said process including contacting the at least partially deactivated catalyst with an oxygen-containing source at a temperature of less than about 100 C. and in the presence of a reactivation solvent for a pre-determined period of time sufficient to at least partially re-oxidize and reactivate the catalyst for further use; and a catalytic reaction process for hydrogenating an aromatic epoxide to produce a hydrogenated aliphatic epoxide including the above reactivating process step; and optionally including a step for washing the deactivated catalyst with a solvent prior to re-oxidizing the deactivated catalyst.

In some embodiments, macromolecules and related methods are provided. In some embodiments, an iterative growth process may be used to form a macromolecule comprising one or more repeat units comprising a functionalizable pendant group, with precise control over mass, length, backbone sequence, pendant group sequence, and/or stereochemistry, amongst other features. Macromolecules (e.g., non-natural macromolecules) form from the iterative growth process, described herein, may be used for a wide variety of applications, including the delivery of active agents.

In some embodiments, macromolecules and related methods are provided. In some embodiments, an iterative growth process may be used to form a macromolecule comprising one or more repeat units comprising a functionalizable pendant group, with precise control over mass, length, backbone sequence, pendant group sequence, and/or stereochemistry, amongst other features. Macromolecules (e.g., non-natural macromolecules) form from the iterative growth process, described herein, may be used for a wide variety of applications, including the delivery of active agents.

The present disclosure relates to a functionalized cyclic ether that is useful for stable cycling, storage of lithium-ion cells at high temperatures, and performance at low temperatures, an electrolyte containing the functionalized cyclic ether, and an electrochemical energy storage device containing the electrolyte.

The present disclosure relates to a functionalized cyclic ether that is useful for stable cycling, storage of lithium-ion cells at high temperatures, and performance at low temperatures, an electrolyte containing the functionalized cyclic ether, and an electrochemical energy storage device containing the electrolyte.

A novel byproduct compound having the following chemical formula B: ##STR00001##
wherein R is hydrogen or CH.sub.3; a composition including an admixture of: (A) a product having the following chemical formula A: ##STR00002##
wherein R is hydrogen or CH.sub.3; and (B) the above novel byproduct compound having the chemical formula B; and a composition including a reaction product of: (a) an aromatic epoxy resin; (b) hydrogen; (c) a catalyst; and (d) a solvent; wherein the reaction product produced is a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin admixture of the combination of (i) the above product having the chemical formula A and (ii) the novel byproduct compound having the chemical formula B; wherein the above product having the chemical formula A includes at least a cis-cis isomer, a cis-trans isomer, and a trans-trans isomer; and the novel byproduct compound having the chemical formula B includes at least a cis isomer and a trans isomer.

A novel byproduct compound having the following chemical formula B: ##STR00001##
wherein R is hydrogen or CH.sub.3; a composition including an admixture of: (A) a product having the following chemical formula A: ##STR00002##
wherein R is hydrogen or CH.sub.3; and (B) the above novel byproduct compound having the chemical formula B; and a composition including a reaction product of: (a) an aromatic epoxy resin; (b) hydrogen; (c) a catalyst; and (d) a solvent; wherein the reaction product produced is a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin admixture of the combination of (i) the above product having the chemical formula A and (ii) the novel byproduct compound having the chemical formula B; wherein the above product having the chemical formula A includes at least a cis-cis isomer, a cis-trans isomer, and a trans-trans isomer; and the novel byproduct compound having the chemical formula B includes at least a cis isomer and a trans isomer.

The present invention relates to nebivolol synthesis method and intermediate compound thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for synthesizing nebivolol, intermediate compound thereof, and a method for preparing the intermediate compound.