The present invention discloses a fast and selective process for the preparation of γ-valerolactone (Gvl) by catalytic hydrogenation of biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) using recyclable ruthenium (Ru)-based heterogeneous catalysts in aqueous medium in stoichiometric yields (100%) under mild reaction conditions using nearly required amount of hydrogen.

The present invention discloses a fast and selective process for the preparation of γ-valerolactone (Gvl) by catalytic hydrogenation of biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) using recyclable ruthenium (Ru)-based heterogeneous catalysts in aqueous medium in stoichiometric yields (100%) under mild reaction conditions using nearly required amount of hydrogen.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise functionalized lactone derivatives having a disease-modifying action in the treatment of diseases associated with dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise functionalized lactone derivatives having a disease-modifying action in the treatment of diseases associated with dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity.

This disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal utility against pests in Phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Nematoda, processes to produce such molecules, intermediates used in such processes, pesticidal compositions containing such molecules, and processes of using such pesticidal compositions against such pests. These pesticidal compositions may be used, for example, as acaricides, insecticides, miticides, molluscicides, and nematicides. This document discloses molecules having the following formula (“Formula One”). ##STR00001##

This disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal utility against pests in Phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Nematoda, processes to produce such molecules, intermediates used in such processes, pesticidal compositions containing such molecules, and processes of using such pesticidal compositions against such pests. These pesticidal compositions may be used, for example, as acaricides, insecticides, miticides, molluscicides, and nematicides. This document discloses molecules having the following formula (“Formula One”). ##STR00001##

A compound of Formula 1

##STR00001## wherein, X represents an alkyl, alkylene, alkenyl, alkenylene, alkynyl or alkynylene group, optionally having at least one substituent selected from the group of —OR.sup.1 and —NR.sup.1R.sup.2, or Y represents —OTBS, —OR.sup.1, —NR.sup.1R.sup.2; Z represents —OR.sup.3 or ═O; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently stand for H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl, optionally in the form of enantiomers racemic mixtures, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for use as a medicament, in particular for use in anti-viral cancer treatment in mammals and for use in treatment of benign or neoplastic genital Human Papilloma Virus associated diseases and for use in treatment of non-genital warts.

A compound of Formula 1

##STR00001## wherein, X represents an alkyl, alkylene, alkenyl, alkenylene, alkynyl or alkynylene group, optionally having at least one substituent selected from the group of —OR.sup.1 and —NR.sup.1R.sup.2, or Y represents —OTBS, —OR.sup.1, —NR.sup.1R.sup.2; Z represents —OR.sup.3 or ═O; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently stand for H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl, optionally in the form of enantiomers racemic mixtures, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for use as a medicament, in particular for use in anti-viral cancer treatment in mammals and for use in treatment of benign or neoplastic genital Human Papilloma Virus associated diseases and for use in treatment of non-genital warts.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise functionalized lactone derivatives having a disease-modifying action in the treatment of diseases associated with dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise functionalized lactone derivatives having a disease-modifying action in the treatment of diseases associated with dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity.