A polysubstituted benzene compound, preparation method thereof, and method of using the same. The compound has a formula I or I′, where X represents carbon, sulfur, or oxygen; R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1-16 alkyl, C.sub.2-16 alkenyl, or C.sub.2-10 alkynyl; R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-16 alkyl, C.sub.2-16 alkenyl, or C.sub.2-10 alkynyl; or an aryl group or a substituted aryl group by 1-5 groups selected from halogen, C.sub.1-26 alkyl, C.sub.1-3 halogenated alkyl, O—C.sub.1-3 alkyl, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, cyano group, aldehyde group and ester group; or a heteroaryl group or a substituted heteroaryl group by 1-5 groups selected from halogen, C.sub.1-26 alkyl, C.sub.1-3 halogenated alkyl, O—C.sub.1-3 alkyl, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, cyano group, aldehyde group and ester group; the heteroaryl group is a 3-10-membered heteroaryl group including N, S, O, or a combination thereof.

An ionic liquid additive for lithium-ion battery

An ionic liquid for adding to an electrolyte of a lithium-ion battery, the ionic liquid comprises a compound with a dual core structure having the general formula (I):

##STR00001## wherein each of cationic group X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are heterocyclic aromatic and amine.

Arene-immobilized Ru(II)TsDPEN Noyori-Ikariya catalysts anchored to silica through the coordinated η6-arene are provided. The catalysts efficiently catalyze many reactions, including the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones to alcohols.

The present disclosure provides methods to produce 5-(halomethyl)furfural, including 5-(chloromethyl)furfural, by acid-catalyzed conversion of C6 saccharides, including isomers thereof, polymers thereof, and certain derivatives thereof. The methods make use of acids with lower concentrations, and allows for conversion of sugars into 5-(halomethyl)furfural at higher temperatures and faster reaction or residence times.

The present disclosure provides methods to produce 5-(halomethyl)furfural, including 5-(chloromethyl)furfural, by acid-catalyzed conversion of C6 saccharides, including isomers thereof, polymers thereof, and certain derivatives thereof. The methods make use of acids with lower concentrations, and allows for conversion of sugars into 5-(halomethyl)furfural at higher temperatures and faster reaction or residence times.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) suitable for industrial-scale production and a novel catalyst composition for use in synthesizing 5-HMF. The present invention provides a method for producing 5-HMF comprising performing a dehydration reaction of a carbohydrate comprising a hexose as a constituent sugar or a derivative thereof by using activated carbon as a catalyst; and a catalyst composition for use in the reaction for producing 5-HMF from a carbohydrate comprising a hexose as a constituent sugar through a dehydration reaction, the catalyst composition comprising activated carbon.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) suitable for industrial-scale production and a novel catalyst composition for use in synthesizing 5-HMF. The present invention provides a method for producing 5-HMF comprising performing a dehydration reaction of a carbohydrate comprising a hexose as a constituent sugar or a derivative thereof by using activated carbon as a catalyst; and a catalyst composition for use in the reaction for producing 5-HMF from a carbohydrate comprising a hexose as a constituent sugar through a dehydration reaction, the catalyst composition comprising activated carbon.

A process is provided for the preparation of value added chemicals such as ethyl levulinate from a glucose or other sugars, catalyzed by a mixture of a Lewis acid catalyst and a Bronsted acid catalyst.

Disclosed herein is a method for making oleofuran compounds according to formula 3 ##STR00001##
from a furan aldehyde or ketone and a fatty alcohol. The method comprises combining the furan compound and the fatty alcohol in the presence of a first catalyst to form an intermediate compound, and exposing the intermediate compound to hydrogen in the presence of a second catalyst to form the oleofuran compound. The hydrogen may be either hydrogen gas or hydrogen provided by a hydrogen donor.

Disclosed herein is a method for making oleofuran compounds according to formula 3 ##STR00001##
from a furan aldehyde or ketone and a fatty alcohol. The method comprises combining the furan compound and the fatty alcohol in the presence of a first catalyst to form an intermediate compound, and exposing the intermediate compound to hydrogen in the presence of a second catalyst to form the oleofuran compound. The hydrogen may be either hydrogen gas or hydrogen provided by a hydrogen donor.