5-HMF derivative compounds that bind covalently with hemoglobin are provided. Methods of treating sickle cell disease and other hypoxia-related disorders by administering such compounds are also provided.

5-HMF derivative compounds that bind covalently with hemoglobin are provided. Methods of treating sickle cell disease and other hypoxia-related disorders by administering such compounds are also provided.

The present invention discloses a method for preparing aldehydes or ketones via aerobic oxidation of alcohols with the copper salts and nitroxide radicals as catalysts. Both oxygen and air could be used as oxidants, after 4 to 48 hours of reaction in an organic solvent at room temperature, the alcohols are efficiently oxidized to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. The present invention has the following advantages: easy to operate, refraining from using chlorides which are corrosive to equipment, readily available raw materials and reagents, mils reaction conditions, the broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, convenient purification, environmentally friendly and no pollution. Thus, the method is suitable for industrial production.

There is provided an α-carbonyl alkenyl ester and a preparation method therefor, and the α-carbonyl alkenyl ester is further used to react with a primary or secondary amine to prepare an amide. The two reactions are combined to develop an amide bond and peptide bond formation method that directly use carboxylic acids and amines as starting materials and allenones as a condensing reagent. The α-carbonyl alkenyl ester corresponding to an α-amino acid serves as a peptide synthesis building block and is used in solid phase peptide synthesis. The method is carried out under mild reaction conditions, simple to operate, and has a high yield. Compared with existing amide bond condensation reagents, the allenones have the advantages of being simple to prepare, having good stability, a low molecular weight, not racemizing when activating α-chiral carboxylic acids, and is a novel amide bond and peptide bond condensing reagent.

A sulfuric acid ester containing a plurality of carbonyl groups or a salt thereof, and a surfactant. The sulfuric acid ester is a compound represented by the following formula:

R.sup.1—C(═O)—R.sup.2—C(═O)—R.sup.3—OSO.sub.3X

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are defined herein; X is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.4.sub.4, imidazolium optionally containing a substituent, pyridinium optionally containing a substituent, or phosphonium optionally containing a substituent, where R.sup.4s are each H or an organic group and are the same as or different from each other; and any two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 optionally bind to each other to form a ring. Also disclosed is a surfactant containing the sulfuric acid ester and an aqueous dispersant containing the sulfuric acid ester.

This invention relates to a method for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethyl esters of carboxylic acids. Said method consists of treating the biomass material with an oxidizing agent that is incorporated in an solution comprising one or more acids, one or more alcohols and water, and subsequently performing a catalytic reaction at a higher temperature using the same acidic solution into which a larger volume of alcohol is added, in such a way that the catalytic conversion occurs in a medium with a much higher concentration of alcohol, i.e. with a much higher alcohol-to-water wt ratio. Such a method results in relatively high yields of ethyl esters, such as ethyl esters of formic, acetic, and levulinic acids, while producing a low yield of dialkyl ethers, which are unwanted by-products. The concentration of the oxidizing agent in the pre-treatment step is preferably higher than 6.0 wt %. The oxidizing agent is preferably a Fenton or Fenton-type reagent, and most preferably hydrogen peroxide activated by Fe (II), and/or Ti (IV) ions. The alcohol is preferably ethanol, and when ethanol is used, diethyl ether is formed as the unwanted dialkyl ether by-product. Preferably, the biomass material is pelleted before treatment.

The present disclosure relates to derivatives of strigolactone and formulations thereof. The present disclosure also relates to methods of treating a plant to improve, for example, the yield, growth, or vigor of a plant. The disclosed strigolactone derivatives and formulations may be combined with a plant growth regulator, a fertilizer, an insecticide, an herbicide, a fungicide, a urease inhibitor, a nitrification inhibitor, and/or an excipient.

The present disclosure relates to derivatives of strigolactone and formulations thereof. The present disclosure also relates to methods of treating a plant to improve, for example, the yield, growth, or vigor of a plant. The disclosed strigolactone derivatives and formulations may be combined with a plant growth regulator, a fertilizer, an insecticide, an herbicide, a fungicide, a urease inhibitor, a nitrification inhibitor, and/or an excipient.

5-HMF derivative compounds that bind covalently with hemoglobin are provided. Methods of treating sickle cell disease and other hypoxia-related disorders by administering such compounds are also provided.

5-HMF derivative compounds that bind covalently with hemoglobin are provided. Methods of treating sickle cell disease and other hypoxia-related disorders by administering such compounds are also provided.