The present invention relates to a novel photoinitiator having improved performances and to its use in photopolymerization compositions. The invention also relates to a process for the photopolymerization of compositions comprising said photoinitiator as well as their use in articles of manufacture, including printed, coated, and fabricated assemblies.

Compounds which directly inhibit IRE-1 activity in vitro, prodrugs, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Such compounds and prodrugs are useful for treating diseases associated with the unfolded protein response or with regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD) and can be used as single agents or in combination therapies.

Compounds which directly inhibit IRE-1 activity in vitro, prodrugs, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Such compounds and prodrugs are useful for treating diseases associated with the unfolded protein response or with regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD) and can be used as single agents or in combination therapies.

A compound of formula (I-1) ##STR00001##
wherein n equals 0 or 1, Z represents O or S, R1 represents one group chosen among the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C7 alkyl, substituted, or not, by a halogen, a hydroxyl or a OR12 group, wherein R12 is a C1-C7 alkyl, a group CH.sub.2OCOR5 wherein R5 is chosen among a hydrogen atom and a C1-C7 alkyl, substituted or not by at least one halogen, a group OR13, wherein R13 is chosen among hydrogen and a C1-C7 alkyl, an amine or a CH.sub.2-amine, R1 represents a group chosen among hydrogen and OR14, wherein R14 is chosen among hydrogen and a C1-C7 alkyl, and R2 is chosen among the group consisting of a C1-C7 alkyl, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl, an aryl group, and an heteroaryl group for the treatment of pathologies involving excess activity of at least one member of the kallikrein family.

Compounds which directly inhibit IRE-1 activity in vitro, prodrugs, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Such compounds and prodrugs are useful for treating diseases associated with the unfolded protein response or with regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD) and can be used as single agents or in combination therapies.

Compounds which directly inhibit IRE-1 activity in vitro, prodrugs, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Such compounds and prodrugs are useful for treating diseases associated with the unfolded protein response or with regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD) and can be used as single agents or in combination therapies.

A pharmaceutical composition can include: a marmelin analog compound, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier having the compound. The compound can be present in a therapeutically effective amount to treat or inhibit a disease state. The disease state can be cancer. The cancer can be selected from brain cancers, head and neck cancers, thyroid cancers, gastrointestinal cancers, esophageal cancers, stomach cancers, pancreatic cancers, liver cancers, colo-rectal cancers, lung cancers, kidney cancers, prostate cancers, bladder cancers, testicular cancers, breast cancers, ovarian cancers, cervical cancers, and melanomas. The carrier includes a cyclodextrin, which may form a complex with the compound. The compounds and compositions can be used to treat or inhibit progression of cancers. Colorectal, bladder, and prostate cancers are examples of some of the cancers that can be treated with the marmelin analog compounds.

A pharmaceutical composition can include: a marmelin analog compound, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier having the compound. The compound can be present in a therapeutically effective amount to treat or inhibit a disease state. The disease state can be cancer. The cancer can be selected from brain cancers, head and neck cancers, thyroid cancers, gastrointestinal cancers, esophageal cancers, stomach cancers, pancreatic cancers, liver cancers, colo-rectal cancers, lung cancers, kidney cancers, prostate cancers, bladder cancers, testicular cancers, breast cancers, ovarian cancers, cervical cancers, and melanomas. The carrier includes a cyclodextrin, which may form a complex with the compound. The compounds and compositions can be used to treat or inhibit progression of cancers. Colorectal, bladder, and prostate cancers are examples of some of the cancers that can be treated with the marmelin analog compounds.

A method for prophylactically or therapeutically treating an inflammatory disease and/or degenerative intervertebral disk disease in a subject is disclosed. The method includes administering to the subject an effective amount of a coumarin derivative represented by formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof:

##STR00001##

Each of R1 and R2 is independently (a) phenyl optionally substituted with alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, amino, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl, or one or two halogen(s), (b) pyridyl, (c) alkyl, or (d) thienyl.

A method for dynamic enhancement of chemical reactions by nanomaterials under hard X-ray irradiation. The nanomaterials were gold and platinum nanoparticles, and the chemical reaction employed was the hydroxylation of coumarin carboxylic acid. The reaction yield was enhanced 2000 times over that predicted on the basis of the absorption of X-rays only by the nanoparticles, and the enhancement was found for the first time to depend on the X-ray dose rate. The maximum turnover frequency was measured at 1 1610-4 s-1 Gy-1. We call this process chemical enhancement, which is defined as the increased yield of a chemical reaction due to the chemical properties of the added materials. The chemical enhancement described here is believed to be ubiquitous and may significantly alter the outcome of chemical reactions under X-ray irradiation with the assistance of nanomaterials.