A method for the synthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators, structural isomers thereof and analogs thereof is disclosed herein. The method comprises reacting a compound of the formula (I):

##STR00001## wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl.sub.(C≤12), cycloalkyl.sub.(C≤12), alkenyl.sub.(C≤12), alkylidene.sub.(C≤12), alkynyl.sub.(C≤12), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaralkyl; and X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are each independently hydroxy or OP, wherein P is a hydroxy protecting or hydroxy activating group; with a reducing agent under conditions sufficient to produce a compound of the formula (II):

##STR00002## wherein: R.sub.1, X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are as defined above.

Novel protectins, more specifically novel structural isomers and analogs of PD1 and PDX are also disclosed.

A method for the synthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators, structural isomers thereof and analogs thereof is disclosed herein. The method comprises reacting a compound of the formula (I):

##STR00001## wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl.sub.(C≤12), cycloalkyl.sub.(C≤12), alkenyl.sub.(C≤12), alkylidene.sub.(C≤12), alkynyl.sub.(C≤12), aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaralkyl; and X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are each independently hydroxy or OP, wherein P is a hydroxy protecting or hydroxy activating group; with a reducing agent under conditions sufficient to produce a compound of the formula (II):

##STR00002## wherein: R.sub.1, X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are as defined above.

Novel protectins, more specifically novel structural isomers and analogs of PD1 and PDX are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to novel compounds, particularly to compounds comprising a photoactive unit, said novel compounds being particularly suitable for ophthalmic devices as well as to ophthalmic devices comprising such compounds.

The present invention relates to novel compounds, particularly to compounds comprising a photoactive unit, said novel compounds being particularly suitable for ophthalmic devices as well as to ophthalmic devices comprising such compounds.

Disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing an aryl fluorosulfonate and a fluorinating reagent to a reaction mixture; and reacting the aryl fluorosulfonate and the fluorinating reagent to provide a fluorinated aryl species. Also disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing, a salt comprising a cation and an aryloxylate, and SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to a reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2 and the ammonium salt to provide a fluorinated aryl species. Further disclosed a fluorination method comprising providing a compound having the structure Ar—OH to a reaction mixture; where Ar is an aryl or heteroaryl; providing SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to the reaction mixture; providing a fluorinating reagent to the reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2, the fluorinating reagent and the compound having the structure Ar—OH to provide a fluorinated aryl species having the structure Ar—F.

Disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing an aryl fluorosulfonate and a fluorinating reagent to a reaction mixture; and reacting the aryl fluorosulfonate and the fluorinating reagent to provide a fluorinated aryl species. Also disclosed is a fluorination method comprising providing, a salt comprising a cation and an aryloxylate, and SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to a reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2 and the ammonium salt to provide a fluorinated aryl species. Further disclosed a fluorination method comprising providing a compound having the structure Ar—OH to a reaction mixture; where Ar is an aryl or heteroaryl; providing SO.sub.2F.sub.2 to the reaction mixture; providing a fluorinating reagent to the reaction mixture; reacting the SO.sub.2F.sub.2, the fluorinating reagent and the compound having the structure Ar—OH to provide a fluorinated aryl species having the structure Ar—F.

Provided herein are inhibitors of SLC26A3, which is an anion (CV, HCO.sub.3, oxalate) exchanger expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. SLC26A3 inhibitors have potential utility for treatment of constipation including chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC), opioid-induced constipation (OIC), constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C), cystic fibrosis-associated constipation, meconium ileus, distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, calcium oxalate kidney stone disease, enteric hyperoxaluria and primary hyperoxalurias.

Disclosed herein are novel coumarin-based reagents, e.g. linkers, and conjugates including one or more of the disclosed coumarin-based reagents. In some embodiments, the presence of a coumarin moiety within the coumarin-based reagents enables detection of labels which are typically difficult to detect, e.g. certain haptens.

Activity-based probes that can be used to selectively identify and characterize enzymes that are involved in different phases of xenobiotic metabolism in a host and its microbiota population(s) are described. The activity-based probes described specifically label only their target active enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and therefore provide a measurement of true protein functional activity rather than transcript or protein abundance. The activity-based probes also provide multimodal profiling of these active enzymes. Methods for preparing the activity based probes and exemplary methods for their use also are disclosed.

Activity-based probes that can be used to selectively identify and characterize enzymes that are involved in different phases of xenobiotic metabolism in a host and its microbiota population(s) are described. The activity-based probes described specifically label only their target active enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and therefore provide a measurement of true protein functional activity rather than transcript or protein abundance. The activity-based probes also provide multimodal profiling of these active enzymes. Methods for preparing the activity based probes and exemplary methods for their use also are disclosed.