Disclosed herein are analogues of itraconazole that are potent hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitors. The compounds are expected to be useful in the treatment of cell proliferation disorders such as cancer, particularly cancers that are dependent upon the hedgehog signaling pathway such as basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma.

The present invention relates to new odorous acetals which are useful as fragrance or flavor materials in particular in providing vanilla and spicy notes with a natural impression resembling vanilla absolute.

The present invention relates to new odorous acetals which are useful as fragrance or flavor materials in particular in providing vanilla and spicy notes with a natural impression resembling vanilla absolute.

An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition contains a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation and a resin whose polarity increases by the action of an acid, in which the compound is represented by a specific General Formula (X).

The invention provides surfactant compounds of formulas I-IX, which can be used in methods for aiding the solubilization, digestion, preparation, analysis, and/or characterization of biological material, for example, proteins or cell membranes. The compounds can also aid in the recovery of peptides generated during protein digestion, particularly for in-gel digestion protocol. Additionally, the compounds can improve enzymatic protein deglycosylation without interfering with downstream sample preparation steps and mass spectrometric analysis. The compounds can be specifically useful as digestion aids that can be decomposed by an acid, by heat, or a combination thereof. Decomposition of the surfactants allows for facile separation from isolated samples, and/or allows for analysis of the sample without interfering with the sensitivity of various analytical techniques.

The invention provides surfactant compounds of formulas I-IX, which can be used in methods for aiding the solubilization, digestion, preparation, analysis, and/or characterization of biological material, for example, proteins or cell membranes. The compounds can also aid in the recovery of peptides generated during protein digestion, particularly for in-gel digestion protocol. Additionally, the compounds can improve enzymatic protein deglycosylation without interfering with downstream sample preparation steps and mass spectrometric analysis. The compounds can be specifically useful as digestion aids that can be decomposed by an acid, by heat, or a combination thereof. Decomposition of the surfactants allows for facile separation from isolated samples, and/or allows for analysis of the sample without interfering with the sensitivity of various analytical techniques.

An object of the present invention is to provide, for example, a novel method for synthesizing a fluorovinyl ether compound from a fluorine-containing vinyl compound. This problem is solved by a method for producing a compound represented by formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein
R.sup.a1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogeno group, an alkyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, or an aromatic group optionally having one or more substituents,
Rf is a fluoro group or a perfluoroalkyl group,
R.sup.a2 is a hydrogen atom, a halogeno group, an alkyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, or an aromatic group optionally having one or more substituents, or
(i) R.sup.a1 and R.sup.a2, (ii) R.sup.a1 and Rf, or (iii) Rf and R.sup.a2 may be linked to each other,
R.sup.b1 is R.sup.s,
R.sup.b2 is a hydrogen atom or R.sup.s,
R.sup.b3 is a hydrogen atom or R.sup.s, or
two or three of R.sup.b1, R.sup.b2, and R.sup.b3, taken together with the adjacent carbon atom, may form a ring optionally having one or more substituents, and
R.sup.s, in each occurrence, is the same or different and represents a hydrocarbon group optionally having one or more substituents, the method comprising
step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2):

##STR00002##

wherein
R.sup.x is a leaving group, and
other symbols are as defined above,
with a compound represented by formula (3):

##STR00003##

wherein the symbols in the formula are as defined above,
in the presence of a transition metal catalyst.

The invention relates to a compound of general formula (I) (in configuration Z or E) and to pro-pheromonal compositions and formulations comprising said compound, in addition to the uses thereof for soothing purposes for non-human mammals such as sheep, pigs, sheep, cattle, felines, equines and canines.

##STR00001##

The invention relates to a compound of general formula (I) (in configuration Z or E) and to pro-pheromonal compositions and formulations comprising said compound, in addition to the uses thereof for soothing purposes for non-human mammals such as sheep, pigs, sheep, cattle, felines, equines and canines.

##STR00001##

The invention provides surfactant compounds of formulas I-IX, which can be used in methods for aiding the solubilization, digestion, preparation, analysis, and/or characterization of biological material, for example, proteins or cell membranes. The compounds can also aid in the recovery of peptides generated during protein digestion, particularly for in-gel digestion protocol. Additionally, the compounds can improve enzymatic protein deglycosylation without interfering with downstream sample preparation steps and mass spectrometric analysis. The compounds can be specifically useful as digestion aids that can be decomposed by an acid, by heat, or a combination thereof. Decomposition of the surfactants allows for facile separation from isolated samples, and/or allows for analysis of the sample without interfering with the sensitivity of various analytical techniques.