A compound according to Formula IA and IB, reversibly convertible under photochromic and electrochromic conditions between a ring-open isomer A and a ring-closed isomer B is provided. For substitutent groups, Z is N, O or S; each R.sub.1 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, or halo; each R.sub.2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, a polymer backbone, alkyl or aryl; or, when both R.sub.2 together form —CH═CH— and form part of a polymer backbone; each R.sub.3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl or aryl; each R.sub.4 is aryl; and each R.sub.5 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl or aryl. ##STR00001##

A compound according to Formula IA and IB, reversibly convertible under photochromic and electrochromic conditions between a ring-open isomer A and a ring-closed isomer B is provided. For substitutent groups, Z is N, O or S; each R.sub.1 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, or halo; each R.sub.2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, a polymer backbone, alkyl or aryl; or, when both R.sub.2 together form —CH═CH— and form part of a polymer backbone; each R.sub.3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl or aryl; each R.sub.4 is aryl; and each R.sub.5 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl or aryl. ##STR00001##

A cyclopropanation method includes reacting an alcohol, an ester, or an aldehyde with a sulfone in an organic solvent containing a base providing a counter cation to form a cyclopropane; and isolating the cyclopropane. When using the alcohol or ester, the organic solvent further contains a catalyst having an alcohol dehydrogenation activity.

A cyclopropanation method includes reacting an alcohol, an ester, or an aldehyde with a sulfone in an organic solvent containing a base providing a counter cation to form a cyclopropane; and isolating the cyclopropane. When using the alcohol or ester, the organic solvent further contains a catalyst having an alcohol dehydrogenation activity.

Provided are compounds of the Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR00001##
wherein W, X, Y, Z, x, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, x and n are defined in the specification. The compounds are inhibitors of lysyl oxidase (LOX) and lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) family members (LOXL1, LOXL2, LOXL3, LOXL4) and are useful in therapy, particularly in the treatment of cancer. Also disclosed are LOX inhibitors for use in the treatment of a cancer associated with EGFR and biomarkers that predict responsiveness to a LOX inhibitor.

Provided are compounds of the Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR00001##
wherein W, X, Y, Z, x, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, x and n are defined in the specification. The compounds are inhibitors of lysyl oxidase (LOX) and lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) family members (LOXL1, LOXL2, LOXL3, LOXL4) and are useful in therapy, particularly in the treatment of cancer. Also disclosed are LOX inhibitors for use in the treatment of a cancer associated with EGFR and biomarkers that predict responsiveness to a LOX inhibitor.

Provided are compounds of the Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein W, X, Y, Z, x, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, x and n are defined in the specification. The compounds are inhibitors of lysyl oxidase (LOX) and lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) family members (LOXL1, LOXL2, LOXL3, LOXL4) and are useful in therapy, particularly in the treatment of cancer. Also disclosed are LOX inhibitors for use in the treatment of a cancer associated with EGFR and biomarkers that predict responsiveness to a LOX inhibitor.

Provided are compounds of the Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein W, X, Y, Z, x, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, x and n are defined in the specification. The compounds are inhibitors of lysyl oxidase (LOX) and lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) family members (LOXL1, LOXL2, LOXL3, LOXL4) and are useful in therapy, particularly in the treatment of cancer. Also disclosed are LOX inhibitors for use in the treatment of a cancer associated with EGFR and biomarkers that predict responsiveness to a LOX inhibitor.

The present invention relates to bumetanide derivatives of formula (I) as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds for use in the treatment or prevention of diseases/disorders involving Na.sup.+K.sup.+2Cl.sup.-cotransporters (NKCCs), and particularly for use in the treatment or prevention of hyperhidrosis.

##STR00001##

Disclosed herein are embodiments of aryl compounds and polymers thereof that are made using methods that do not require harsh conditions or expensive reagents. The methods disclosed herein utilize precursor compounds that can be polymerized to form polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polymers, such as carbon-based polymers like nanostructures (e.g., graphene or graphene-like nanoribbons).