The invention relates to a hydrogel product comprising glycosaminoglycan molecules as the swellable polymer, wherein the glycosaminoglycan molecules are covalently crosslinked via crosslinks comprising a spacer group selected from the group consisting of di-, tri-, tetra-, and oligosaccharides.

The invention relates to a process to prepare a compound of the following formula (I):

##STR00001## in which P represents a protective group of a hydroxyl function which is a —COR.sup.1 group with R.sup.1 representing an aryl or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, R represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group of a terminal alkyne, from mannose, comprising the following steps: (a) protecting the 5 hydroxyl groups of the mannose by a protective group P; (b) coupling the protected mannose obtained at step (a) with a compound of the following formula (II)

##STR00002##

The present invention also relates to a compound of formula (IIIa):

##STR00003## wherein R.sup.10 represents a hydrogen, a (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, —SO.sub.2R.sup.6, —C(O)R.sup.6 or —C(O)OR.sup.6, with R.sup.6 being a hydrogen or a radical selected from a (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, an aryl, a heteroaryl, a 3-8 membered ring cycloalkyl and a 3-8 membered ring heterocycloalkyl, said radical being optionally substituted by a (C.sub.1-C.sub.6) alkyl, an aryl, a heteroaryl, a 3-8 membered ring cycloalkyl or a 3-8 membered ring heterocycloalkyl, a halogen, —NR.sup.8R.sup.9, —CN, —C(O)OR.sup.8, —C(O)NR.sup.8R.sup.9 or —OR.sup.8, with R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 being independently a hydrogen atom or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.6) alkyl, or R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 form together with the nitrogen to which they are bound a 3-8 membered ring heterocycloalkyl, and R″ represents —COR.sup.1 group with R.sup.1 being an aryl or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl.

Selective reduction methods for halogenated carbosilanes and carbodisilanes are disclosed. More particularly, high yields of the desired carbosilanes and carbodisilanes are obtained by reduction of their halogenated counterparts using a reducing agent and tetrabutylphosphonium chloride (TBPC) as a catalyst.

An object of the present invention is to enable the synthesis of various fluorine-containing compounds having an organic group at both terminals of their tetrafluoroethylene structure (—CF.sub.2—CF.sub.2—). The present invention provides a fluorine-containing complex compound including a fluorine-containing organic metal compound represented by formula (1a):
R.sup.1—CF.sub.2—CF.sub.2-M.sup.1  (1a)
wherein M.sup.1 is a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc, nickel, iron, cobalt, and tin; and R.sup.1 represents an organic group, and at least one ligand selected from the group consisting of pyridine ring-containing compounds and phosphines.

The present invention refers to novel ruthenium- and osmium-based catalysts for olefin metathesis reactions, particularly to catalysts having stereoselective properties. Z-selectivity is obtained by utilizing two mono-anionic ligands of very different steric requirement. In olefin metathesis reactions these catalysts selectively provide the Z-isomer of disubstituted olefinic products even in presence of air or of acids.

A method for at least partial deacetylation of a biopolymer comprising acetyl groups, including: a1) providing a biopolymer including acetyl groups; a2) reacting the biopolymer including acetyl groups with hydroxylamine (NH.sub.2OH) or a salt thereof at a temperature of 100° C. or less for 2-200 hours to form an at least partially deacetylated biopolymer; and a3) recovering the at least partially deacetylated biopolymer.

There are provided compounds of formula I, ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.5, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Ar, L, E, A, A.sup.1, G and G.sup.1 have meanings given in the description, which compounds have antiinflammatory activity (e.g. through inhibition of one or more of members of: the family of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase enzymes; Syk kinase; and members of the Src family of tyrosine kinases) and have use in therapy, including in pharmaceutical combinations, especially in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory diseases of the lung, eye and intestines.

Water-soluble, conjugated polymers containing one or more dibenzosilole monomer residues, as well as compositions, kits, and methods of making and using such polymers are disclosed. Also disclosed are dibenzosilole derivatives substituted with one or more water-solubilizing groups, and methods of making and using such derivatives to prepare water-soluble dibenzosilole polymers.

The present disclosure relates to substituted thiophene carboxamides and analogues thereof of formula (I) that may be used for protecting plants from bacterial diseases, in particular from bacterial diseases caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Xanthomonas.

##STR00001##

An object of the present invention is to enable the synthesis of various fluorine-containing compounds having an organic group at both terminals of their tetrafluoroethylene structure (—CF.sub.2—CF.sub.2—). The present invention provides a fluorine-containing complex compound including a fluorine-containing organic metal compound represented by formula (1a):
R.sup.1—CF.sub.2—CF.sub.2-M.sup.1  (1a)
wherein M.sup.1 is a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc, nickel, iron, cobalt, and tin; and R.sup.1 represents an organic group, and at least one ligand selected from the group consisting of pyridine ring-containing compounds and phosphines.