The present invention relates to novel cycloalkyl-hydroxyl compounds, compositions comprising hydroxyl compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing a variety of diseases and conditions such as, but not limited to aging, Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a disorder of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension, impotence, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid elimination in bile, obesity, oxysterol elimination in bile, pancreatitis, Parkinson's disease, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, phospholipid elimination in bile, renal disease, septicemia, Syndrome X, thrombotic disorder. Compounds and methods of the invention can also be used to modulate C reactive protein or enhance bile production in a patient. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.

The present invention relates to a novel delivery system for delivering therapeutic agents into living cells, and more particularly, to novel chemical moieties that are designed capable of targeting and/or penetrating cells or other targets of interest and further capable of binding therapeutic agents to be delivered to these cells, and to delivery systems containing same.

A process is provided for preparing a salt of a hydroxy-substituted ester of phosphoric acid, comprising: (a) reacting a phosphate diester with an alkylene oxide, (b) reacting the product mixture of step (a) with a phosphating agent; and (c) reacting the product mixture of step (b) with an amine; wherein the phosphate diester is reacted with the alkylene oxide of step (a) in the substantial absence of a phosphate monoester. The product is useful as an antiwear agent.

Provided is a near-infrared absorbing composition comprising a near-infrared absorber and a solvent, wherein the near-infrared absorber contains at least one of the following component (A) or component (B), Component (A): a component composed of a phosphonic acid compound represented by the following Formula (I), two or more kinds of phosphoric acid ester compounds or sulfonic acid ester compounds having different structures, and copper ions; and Component (B): a component composed of a copper complex obtained by a reaction of a phosphonic acid compound represented by the following Formula (I), two or more kinds of phosphoric acid ester compounds or sulfonic acid ester compounds having different structures, and a copper compound, ##STR00001##
in Formula (I), R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.