12(S)-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (12(S)-HETrE) compounds and compositions comprising the same are disclosed. Methods of using the compounds in the prevention and treatment of thrombosis and thrombotic disorders are also disclosed.

Methods of making and using E,Z,E-GGPP are provided. Also provided are expression cassettes encoding isoprenyl diphosphate synthases, e.g., cis- or trans-isoprenyl diphosphate synthases.

Disclosed is a method for linkage recovery of an organic acid in an aqueous organic acid solution. The method comprises: mixing a solution with an organic acid concentration lower than 20 wt % with a specific extractant and then subjecting same to counter-current extraction so as to obtain an extract phase and a raffinate phase; and subjecting the extract phase together with a solution with an acid concentration higher than 70 wt % to an azeotropic rectification so as to recover an organic acid. When the concentration of the aqueous organic acid solution is 20 wt %-70 wt %, the aqueous organic acid solution is extracted and concentrated to make the concentration of the aqueous organic acid solution higher than 70 wt %. The method is simple, and has a low energy consumption and a good recovery effect with respect to the single recovery of a low concentration aqueous organic acid solution; and the method does not need to newly add an azeotrope agent and saves on costs with respect to the single recovery of a high concentration aqueous organic acid solution. In such a cooperating manner, a reagent during recovery can be fully utilized, energy consumption is reduced, and a process is simplified.

Disclosed is a method for linkage recovery of an organic acid in an aqueous organic acid solution. The method comprises: mixing a solution with an organic acid concentration lower than 20 wt % with a specific extractant and then subjecting same to counter-current extraction so as to obtain an extract phase and a raffinate phase; and subjecting the extract phase together with a solution with an acid concentration higher than 70 wt % to an azeotropic rectification so as to recover an organic acid. When the concentration of the aqueous organic acid solution is 20 wt %-70 wt %, the aqueous organic acid solution is extracted and concentrated to make the concentration of the aqueous organic acid solution higher than 70 wt %. The method is simple, and has a low energy consumption and a good recovery effect with respect to the single recovery of a low concentration aqueous organic acid solution; and the method does not need to newly add an azeotrope agent and saves on costs with respect to the single recovery of a high concentration aqueous organic acid solution. In such a cooperating manner, a reagent during recovery can be fully utilized, energy consumption is reduced, and a process is simplified.

A flame-retardant sugar derivative, a process for forming a flame-retardant sugar derivative, and an article of manufacture comprising a flame-retardant sugar derivative are disclosed. The flame-retardant sugar derivative can be synthesized from sorbitol, gluconic acid, or glucaric acid obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety. The process for forming the flame-retardant sugar derivative can include reacting sorbitol, gluconic acid, or glucaric acid and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant sugar derivative.

A flame-retardant sugar derivative, a process for forming a flame-retardant sugar derivative, and an article of manufacture comprising a flame-retardant sugar derivative are disclosed. The flame-retardant sugar derivative can be synthesized from sorbitol, gluconic acid, or glucaric acid obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety. The process for forming the flame-retardant sugar derivative can include reacting sorbitol, gluconic acid, or glucaric acid and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant sugar derivative.

A limonene-based flame-retardant compound, a method of making a flame-retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that includes a limonene-based flame-retardant compound are provided. In an embodiment, the method includes forming a limonene-based derivative; forming a phosphorus-based flame-retardant molecule; reacting the limonene-based derivative with the phosphorus-based flame-retardant molecule to form a limonene-based flame-retardant compound; and forming a flame-retardant polymer from the limonene-based flame-retardant compound. In some embodiments, the limonene-based flame-retardant compound has variable functionality including vinyl, epoxide, methylene bridges, and thioethers.

A limonene-based flame-retardant compound, a method of making a flame-retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that includes a limonene-based flame-retardant compound are provided. In an embodiment, the method includes forming a limonene-based derivative; forming a phosphorus-based flame-retardant molecule; reacting the limonene-based derivative with the phosphorus-based flame-retardant molecule to form a limonene-based flame-retardant compound; and forming a flame-retardant polymer from the limonene-based flame-retardant compound. In some embodiments, the limonene-based flame-retardant compound has variable functionality including vinyl, epoxide, methylene bridges, and thioethers.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a mixture M1 of enol phosphate isomers devoid of (E,E) isomer and comprising at least 98% of (E,Z) isomer, at least 0.1% of (Z,Z) isomer and at least 0.1% of (Z,E) isomer, comprising bringing a mixture of isomers of said enol phosphate comprising a detectable amount of (E,E) isomer into contact with a hydrolysable dienophile in an organic solvent, followed by base hydrolysis of the medium obtained and elimination of the adduct formed, in order to obtain the mixture M1 devoid of (E,E) isomer.

The present disclosure provides compounds and compositions capable of extending lifespan, and methods of use thereof.