The disclosure relates to compounds of the formulae (I)-(IV) and their use as substrates for making terpenoids. New substrates for terpene biosynthesis and methods for making new types of terpenes are described herein. Diterpenes occupy a unique molecular space with critical pharmaceutical applications over a diverse spectrum including anti-microbial, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory and psychoactive properties.

The present invention pertains to the technical field of biomedicine, and relates to isopaucifloral F phosphate compounds and pharmaceutical uses thereof. It has been confirmed through experiments that said isopaucifloral F phosphate compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have effects on the bone remodeling process by exerting their anti-osteoporosis efficacy through a dual-mode mechanism of action of promoting osteogenesis and reducing osteoclast resorption, have the characteristics of high bioavailability, stable metabolism and good safety, and can be used to prepare a new generation of anti-osteoporosis drugs.

##STR00001##

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a photo-cleavable surface binding compound of the Formula I and Formula II:

##STR00001##

wherein the variables EG, EG1, SP1, SP2, SP3, Ar and BG are as defined herein. In another embodiment, the application discloses a method for forming a coating on a surface of a substrate using the surface binding compound.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a photo-cleavable surface binding compound of the Formula I and Formula II:

##STR00001##

wherein the variables EG, EG1, SP1, SP2, SP3, Ar and BG are as defined herein. In another embodiment, the application discloses a method for forming a coating on a surface of a substrate using the surface binding compound.

The present disclosure relates to compounds of Formula (P) or (II′-0): (Formulae (I′), (II′-0)), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof. The present disclosure also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and therapeutic and diagnostic uses of the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to compounds of Formula (I), (II), or (II′): (I), (II), (II′), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof. The present disclosure also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and therapeutic and diagnostic uses of the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to compounds of Formula (I), (II), or (II′): (I), (II), (II′), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof. The present disclosure also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and therapeutic and diagnostic uses of the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions.

##STR00001##

In one embodiment, a method includes contacting a phosphotriester and a halogen salt in a polar solvent. In another embodiment, a method for dealkylating tributylphosphate includes contacting tributylphosphate and a halogen salt in a polar solvent.

Described herein are methods and compositions relating to the treatment of e.g., cancer, autoimmune disease, immune deficiency, and/or neurodegenerative disease. In some embodiments, the methods of treatment relate to administering a compound as described herein. In some embodiments, the subject treated according to the methods described herein is a subject determined to have an increased level of DNA damage.

The present application relates to compositions and methods for treating a proliferative disorder by administering to a subject a pharmaceutical composition of a dual kinase inhibitor metabolite. Catecholic butane metabolites can serve as dual kinase inhibitors for purposes of methods described herein.