Disclosed herein are antibody-nanoparticle conjugates that include two or more nanoparticles (such as gold, palladium, platinum, silver, copper, nickel, cobalt, iridium, or an alloy of two or more thereof) directly linked to an antibody or fragment thereof through a metal-thiol bond. Methods of making the antibody-nanoparticle conjugates disclosed herein include reacting an arylphosphine-nanoparticle composite with a reduced antibody to produce an antibody-nanoparticle conjugate. Also disclosed herein are methods for detecting a target molecule in a sample that include using an antibody-nanoparticle conjugate (such as the antibody-nanoparticle conjugates described herein) and kits for detecting target molecules utilizing the methods disclosed herein.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II: ##STR00001##
wherein the variables EG, EG1, SP1, SP2, SP3, Ar and BG are as defined herein. In another embodiment, the application discloses a method for forming a coating on a surface of a substrate using the surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II: ##STR00001##
wherein the variables EG, EG1, SP1, SP2, SP3, Ar and BG are as defined herein. In another embodiment, the application discloses a method for forming a coating on a surface of a substrate using the surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II.

Applicants have developed an amplification system and methodology for IHC and ISH staining that utilizes “click chemistry” to covalently bind reporter molecules to tissue.

Applicants have developed an amplification system and methodology for IHC and ISH staining that utilizes “click chemistry” to covalently bind reporter molecules to tissue.

Provided are crystals of 2-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}-4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate, compositions comprising the same, and methods of making and using such crystals.

Provided are crystals of 2-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}-4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate, compositions comprising the same, and methods of making and using such crystals.

A non-aqueous electrolytic solution includes a phosphoric acid diester salt, which can suppress deterioration of charge-discharge characteristics of a power storage element, and can suppress the rise in internal resistance after storage at high temperature. The phosphoric acid diester salt is represented by the following chemical formula (1): ##STR00001##
in which M.sup.n+ represents a hydrogen ion, an alkali metal ion, an alkali earth metal ion, an aluminum ion, a transition metal ion, or an onium ion, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are different from each other and represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and having at least one of a halogen atom, a heteroatom, and an unsaturated bond, and n represents a valence.

A non-aqueous electrolytic solution includes a phosphoric acid diester salt, which can suppress deterioration of charge-discharge characteristics of a power storage element, and can suppress the rise in internal resistance after storage at high temperature. The phosphoric acid diester salt is represented by the following chemical formula (1): ##STR00001##
in which M.sup.n+ represents a hydrogen ion, an alkali metal ion, an alkali earth metal ion, an aluminum ion, a transition metal ion, or an onium ion, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are different from each other and represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and having at least one of a halogen atom, a heteroatom, and an unsaturated bond, and n represents a valence.

The present invention provides dioxetane-based chemiluminescence probes, more specifically fluorophore-tethered dioxetane-based chemiluminescence probes and compositions thereof. The chemiluminescence probes disclosed are useful for both diagnostics and in vivo imaging.