An electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery and a rechargeable lithium battery including the electrolyte, the electrolyte including a non-aqueous organic solvent; a lithium salt; and an additive, wherein the additive includes a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1: ##STR00001## in Chemical Formula 1, R.sup.1 is a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C10 alkenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C10 alkynyl group.

The present disclosure relates to novel compounds useful as antimicrobial agents. The present disclosure also relates to processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, and to their use in methods for treating or preventing microbial infections caused by parasites or bacteria, such as, for example, Plasmodium falciparum or related Plasmodium parasite species, Mycobacterium tuberculosis or related Mycobacterium bacteria species, S aureus, and ESKAPE pathogens.

The invention relates to a cross-linking monomer with at least one sulfur atom, representable by a structure of formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein the symbols have the following meaning: L.sup.1 is a linear, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or heteroaliphatic group with 2 to 10 carbon atoms; an aromatic or heteroaromatic group with 4 to 12 carbon atoms or a group with 6 to 14 carbon atoms, which comprises at least one saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic and/or heteroaliphatic residue and at least one aromatic and/or heteroaromatic residue, wherein the phosphorus atom is directly bonded with a carbon atom; V.sup.1 is a saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or heteroaliphatic group with 2 to 50 carbon atoms; an aromatic or heteroaromatic group with 5 to 50 carbon atoms or a group with 6 to 50 carbon atoms, which comprises at least one saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic and/or heteroaliphatic residue and at least one aromatic and/or heteroaromatic residue; X.sup.1 is the same or different, O or NR.sup.3, each time it occurs; R.sup.1 is H or a hydrolyzable group; R.sup.2 is H or an alkyl residue with 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is H or an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and n is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein the sulfur atom in the structure according to formula (I) is separated from group X.sup.1 by a maximum of 12 bonds, which group is spaced from the sulfur atom by the lowest number of bonds, wherein double bonds or triple bonds are counted as a single bond.

Here we show that P. ananatis produces at least three phosphonates, two of which were purified and structurally characterized. The first, designated pantaphos, was shown to be 2-(hydroxy(phosphono)methyl)maleate; the second, a probable biosynthetic precursor, was shown to be 2-(phosphonomethyl)maleate. Purified pantaphos is both necessary and sufficient for the hallmark lesions of onion center rot. Moreover, when tested against mustard seedlings, the phytotoxic activity of pantaphos was comparable to the widely used herbicides glyphosate and phosphinothricin. Pantaphos was also active against a variety of human cell lines.

A simple, commercially viable process for the preparation of phosphonic acid monomers containing essentially no diester or inorganic phosphorous acid compounds is disclosed.

The present invention relates to compounds according to general formula (I) which are analogues of epoxymetabolites produced by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes from omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The present invention further relates to compositions containing one or more of these compounds and to the use of these compounds or compositions for C the treatment or prevention of conditions and diseases associated with inflammation, proliferation, hypertension, coagulation, immune function, pathologic angiogenesis, heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias.

P. ananatis produces at least three phosphonates, two of which were purified and structurally characterized. The first, designated pantaphos, was shown to be 2-(hydroxy(phosphono)methyl)maleate; the second, a probable biosynthetic precursor, was shown to be 2-(phosphonomethyl)maleate. Purified pantaphos is both necessary and sufficient for the hallmark lesions of onion center rot. Moreover, when tested against mustard seedlings, the phytotoxic activity of pantaphos was comparable to the widely used herbicides glyphosate and phosphinothricin. Pantaphos was also active against a variety of human cell lines.