The present disclosure is directed to compounds and methods for the treatment of disorders associated with fluid retention or salt overload, such as heart failure (in particular, congestive heart failure), chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, liver disease, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonist-induced fluid retention. The present disclosure is also directed to compounds and methods for the treatment of hypertension. The present disclosure is also directed to compounds and methods for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders, including the treatment or reduction of pain associated with gastrointestinal tract disorders. The methods generally comprise administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a compound, that is designed to be substantially active in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to inhibit NHE-mediated antiport of sodium ions and hydrogen ions therein. More particularly, the method comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a compound, that inhibits NHE-3, -2 and/or -8 mediated antiport of sodium and/or hydrogen ions in the GI tract and is designed to be substantially impermeable to the layer of epithelial cells, or more specifically the epithelium of the GI tract. As a result of the compound being substantially impermeable, it is not absorbed and is thus essentially systemically non-bioavailable, so as to limit the exposure of other internal organs (e.g., liver, heart, brain, etc.) thereto. The present disclosure is still further directed to a method wherein a mammal is administered such a compound with a fluid-absorbing polymer, such that the combination acts as described above and further provides the ability to sequester fluid and/or salt present in the GI tract.

The subject matter disclosed herein relates to compositions and methods of making and using the compositions. In a further aspect, the subject matter disclosed herein relates to inhibitors of STAT3 dimerization. Methods of making these compositions as well as compositions comprising these compositions are also disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of treating or preventing certain cancers by administering to an individual in need thereof and effective amount of the compounds disclosed herein. Still further, disclosed herein are methods of inhibiting STAT3 by contacting a cell with a compound or composition as disclosed herein.

Provided is a light absorbing agent that excels in miscibility with a resin, a method of manufacturing such a light absorbing agent, a composition that excels in dispersiveness of such a light absorbing agent, and an optical member that excels in visible light transmitting performance and near-infrared radiation blocking performance. The light absorbing agent contains a compound expressed by Formula (1) below and a copper ion.

##STR00001##

In the above, R.sup.1 is a group expressed by Formula (2) above, R.sup.10 is an alkylene group or arylene group that may have a substituent, R.sup.12 is an alkylene group or arylene group that may have a substituent, and the other symbols are as described in the specification.

The present disclosure is directed to compounds and methods for the treatment of disorders associated with fluid retention or salt overload, such as heart failure (in particular, congestive heart failure), chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, liver disease, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonist-induced fluid retention. The present disclosure is also directed to compounds and methods for the treatment of hypertension. The present disclosure is also directed to compounds and methods for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders, including the treatment or reduction of pain associated with gastrointestinal tract disorders. The methods generally comprise administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a compound, that is designed to be substantially active in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to inhibit NHE-mediated antiport of sodium ions and hydrogen ions therein. More particularly, the method comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a compound, that inhibits NHE-3, -2 and/or -8 mediated antiport of sodium and/or hydrogen ions in the GI tract and is designed to be substantially impermeable to the layer of epithelial cells, or more specifically the epithelium of the GI tract. As a result of the compound being substantially impermeable, it is not absorbed and is thus essentially systemically non-bioavailable, so as to limit the exposure of other internal organs (e.g., liver, heart, brain, etc.) thereto. The present disclosure is still further directed to a method wherein a mammal is administered such a compound with a fluid-absorbing polymer, such that the combination acts as described above and further provides the ability to sequester fluid and/or salt present in the GI tract.

An electrochromic element including a first electrode, second electrode facing the first electrode with gap, electrolyte layer between the first and second electrodes, and layer including a compound represented by General Formula (1) where the layer is on or above the first electrode, ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 are each a monovalent organic group wherein no hydrogen atom is at a benzyl site where the monovalent group may include a polymerizable functional group; and R.sub.5 to R.sub.28 are each a hydrogen atom, alkyl or alkoxy group where R.sub.25 and R.sub.28, or R.sub.26 and R.sub.27 may be bonded to form a structure represented by General Formula (2), ##STR00002##
where R.sub.29 and R.sub.30 are each an alkyl, alkoxy or aryl group, and R.sub.29 and R.sub.30 may be bonded via a common bond to form a cyclic structure when R.sub.29 and R.sub.30 are aryl groups.

The present application provides an organic compound and use thereof, a passivation film, a solar battery, and an electrical apparatus. The organic compound is as shown in formula (1) or is an oxyacid radical salt of the compound as shown in formula (1), wherein Ar is selected from any one of substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 50 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 5 to 50 ring atoms, or substituted arylamino as shown in formula (A); L is selected from acyclic alkylene with 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and R.sub.1 is an oxyacid group. The organic compound is capable of improving photon-to-electron conversion efficiency and stability of a solar battery device.

##STR00001##

The subject matter disclosed herein relates to compositions and methods of making and using the compositions. In a further aspect, the subject matter disclosed herein relates to inhibitors of STAT3 dimerization. Methods of making these compositions as well as compositions comprising these compositions are also disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of treating or preventing certain cancers by administering to an individual in need thereof and effective amount of the compounds disclosed herein. Still further, disclosed herein are methods of inhibiting STAT3 by contacting a cell with a compound or composition as disclosed herein.

Complexes including a solid support and a material with a matrix structure containing domains complexing rare earth or strategic metals, preparation process thereof and use thereof for extracting or separating the rare earth or strategic metals in an aqueous or organic medium.

A compound or a polymer is claimed. A first formula can be

##STR00001##

wherein X is H, CH.sub.3, CN, phenyl, substituted phenyl, (CH.sub.2).sub.mZ, or phenyl(CH.sub.2).sub.mZ; T is O, N, S or NH; m equals 1 to 20; n equals 1-100; and Z is CN, NH.sub.2, Thiol, OH, or CO.sub.2H. The second formula is:

##STR00002##

wherein X is H, CH.sub.3, CN, phenyl, substituted phenyl, (CH.sub.2).sub.mZ, or phenyl(CH.sub.2).sub.mZ; and Z is CN, NH.sub.2, Thiol, OH, or CO.sub.2H. The third formula is

##STR00003##

wherein: R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are independently: H, CH.sub.3, OH, or a halogen.

The present disclosure is directed to compounds and methods for the treatment of disorders associated with fluid retention or salt overload, such as heart failure (in particular, congestive heart failure), chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, liver disease, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonist-induced fluid retention. The present disclosure is also directed to compounds and methods for the treatment of hypertension. The present disclosure is also directed to compounds and methods for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders, including the treatment or reduction of pain associated with gastrointestinal tract disorders. The methods generally comprise administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a compound, that is designed to be substantially active in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to inhibit NHE-mediated antiport of sodium ions and hydrogen ions therein. More particularly, the method comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a compound, that inhibits NHE-3, -2 and/or -8 mediated antiport of sodium and/or hydrogen ions in the GI tract and is designed to be substantially impermeable to the layer of epithelial cells, or more specifically the epithelium of the GI tract. As a result of the compound being substantially impermeable, it is not absorbed and is thus essentially systemically non-bioavailable, so as to limit the exposure of other internal organs (e.g., liver, heart, brain, etc.) thereto. The present disclosure is still further directed to a method wherein a mammal is administered such a compound with a fluid-absorbing polymer, such that the combination acts as described above and further provides the ability to sequester fluid and/or salt present in the GI tract.