Compounds useful as fluorescent or colored dyes are disclosed. The compounds have the following structure (I), or a stereoisomer, tautomer or salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3, L.sup.4, M.sup.1, M.sup.2, m and n are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds is also provided.

The present invention relates to a method of extracting an aliphatic alcohol, preferably containing 5 to 16 carbon atoms, from an aqueous medium, the method comprising: (a) contacting the aliphatic alcohol in the aqueous medium with at least one extracting medium for a time sufficient to extract the aliphatic alcohol from the aqueous medium into the extracting medium, (b) separating the extracting medium with the extracted aliphatic alcohol from the aqueous medium wherein the extracting medium comprises: at least one trialkyl-phosphine-oxide, preferably trioctyl-phosphine-oxide, and optionally at least one alkane, and wherein the aliphatic alcohol is produced from a carbon source by contacting the carbon source with at least one microorganism capable of converting the carbon source to the aliphatic alcohol.

A light emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, and an emission part disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a first emission layer and a second emission layer disposed on the first emission layer, the first emission layer may include a first host, and a first dopant, and the second emission layer may include a hole transport host different from the first host, an electron transport host, and a second dopant. A first hole mobility of the first host may be in a range of about 5.010.sup.6 cm.sup.2/Vs to about 1.010.sup.3 cm.sup.2/Vs, a second hole mobility of a host mixture including the hole transport host and the electron transport host may be in a range of about 1.010.sup.6 cm.sup.2/Vs to about 1.010.sup.4 cm.sup.2/Vs, and the first hole mobility may be larger than the second hole mobility.