Disclosed herein are acyclic thiol prodrugs, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The prodrugs and pharmaceutical compositions thereof may be used to treat or prevent medical disorders such as, for example cystinosis, cystinuria, cancer neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, malaria, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, radiation poisoning, arsenic poisoning, radioprotection, Wilson's disease or rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods for increasing biocidal activity of a substrate are provided. The methods can include attaching one or more ionic compounds to the substrate. The ionic compound can include a cationic moiety and at least one of an N-halamine precursor group or an N-halamine moiety.

Methods for increasing biocidal activity of a substrate are provided. The methods can include attaching one or more ionic compounds to the substrate. The ionic compound can include a cationic moiety and at least one of an N-halamine precursor group or an N-halamine moiety.

Oral dosage forms of osteoclast inhibitors, such as neridronic acid, in an acid or a salt form, can be used to treat or alleviate pain or related conditions, such as complex regional pain syndrome.

Oral dosage forms of osteoclast inhibitors, such as neridronic acid, in an acid or a salt form, can be used to treat or alleviate pain or related conditions, such as complex regional pain syndrome.

Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for removing or displacing bisphosphonates in skeletal tissue.

Oral dosage forms of osteoclast inhibitors, such as zoledronic acid, in an acid or a salt form can be used to treat or alleviate pain or related conditions, such as arthritis.

Oral dosage forms of osteoclast inhibitors, such as zoledronic acid, in an acid or a salt form can be used to treat or alleviate pain or related conditions, such as arthritis.

Tropomyosin-related kinase inhibitors (Trk inhibitors) are small molecule compounds useful in the treatment of disease. Trk inhibitors can be used as pharmaceutical agents and in pharmaceutical compositions. Trk inhibitors are useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disease, defects of bone metabolism and/or cancer, and are particularly useful in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), pain, and pain associated with OA. Trk inhibitors are also useful for inhibiting tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA), tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), tropomyosin-related kinase C (TrkC), and/or c-FMS (the cellular receptor for colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1)).

Tropomyosin-related kinase inhibitors (Trk inhibitors) are small molecule compounds useful in the treatment of disease. Trk inhibitors can be used as pharmaceutical agents and in pharmaceutical compositions. Trk inhibitors are useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disease, defects of bone metabolism and/or cancer, and are particularly useful in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), pain, and pain associated with OA. Trk inhibitors are also useful for inhibiting tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA), tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), tropomyosin-related kinase C (TrkC), and/or c-FMS (the cellular receptor for colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1)).