The present invention relates to the use of efficient phosphorous substances, in particular based on diphenylamine and heterocyclic diphenylamine derivatives as stabilizers for organic materials, in particular for plastic materials, against oxidative, thermal and/or actinic degradation. Te present invention additionally relates to an organic material that has been correspondingly stabilized as described above. The invention further relates to a method of stabilizing organic materials and to specific stabilizers.

The present invention relates to the use of efficient phosphorous substances, in particular based on diphenylamine and heterocyclic diphenylamine derivatives as stabilizers for organic materials, in particular for plastic materials, against oxidative, thermal and/or actinic degradation. Te present invention additionally relates to an organic material that has been correspondingly stabilized as described above. The invention further relates to a method of stabilizing organic materials and to specific stabilizers.

The present invention provides benzothiadiazine and chroman derivatives and particularly diazoxide and cromakalim derivatives for use in treating glaucoma, retinopathy, treating age related macular degeneration, treating, stabilizing and/or inhibiting blood and lymph vascularization, and reducing intraocular pressure by administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a prodrug disposed in an ophthalmically acceptable carrier to the eye, wherein the prodrug specifically modulates a K.sub.ATP channel to reduce an intraocular pressure.

The present invention provides benzothiadiazine and chroman derivatives and particularly diazoxide and cromakalim derivatives for use in treating glaucoma, retinopathy, treating age related macular degeneration, treating, stabilizing and/or inhibiting blood and lymph vascularization, and reducing intraocular pressure by administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a prodrug disposed in an ophthalmically acceptable carrier to the eye, wherein the prodrug specifically modulates a K.sub.ATP channel to reduce an intraocular pressure.

An organic light-emitting material, a method for the preparation thereof and use thereof are provided. The organic light-emitting material is a novel organic light-emitting material containing phosphine, has a high electron-transport property and a high fluorescence quantum efficiency, can be used as an emitting layer material and/or an electron transport layer material in an OLED element. Thus, an emitting layer and an electron transport layer in a traditional OLED element can be combined as one layer, thereby simplifying the structure and preparation process of the OLED element. Also, the organic light-emitting material has a specific response to oxygen, metal ions, etc., so that the organic light-emitting material can also be applied in the fields of chemo-biological detection, bio-imaging, anti-counterfeiting, etc. There are advantages of simple synthesis and purification, high yield, and adjustment of its luminous wavelength, luminous efficiency, etc. by introducing different functional groups.

Provided is a host material compound having a structure represented by Formula (I):

##STR00001## in which m and n, respectively representing the number of electron donors D and the number of electron acceptors A, are each 1, 2 or 3; p and q, respectively representing the number of the group L.sub.1 and the number of the group L.sub.2, are each 0, 1, or 2. D, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic group, aryl, heteroaryl, fused aryl, or fused heteroaryl; and A is selected from nitrogen-containing heterocyclic substituents, cyano-containing substituents, triaryl-boron-derived substituents, and phosphorus oxygen double bond-containing substituents. The compound has a D-()--()-A structure with bipolarity, and the bond can interrupt an intramolecular charge transfer between D and A, so that the excited state is limited to a local excited state in moiety of D or A, and the compound has a small excited-state dipole moment.

The present invention discloses a conductive substrate, a perovskite substrate using the conductive substrate, and a solar cell using the perovskite substrate. The conductive substrate, the perovskite substrate, and the solar cell of the present invention include a conductive base and a conductive compound stacked on the conductive base. The conductive compound is represented by Formula 1, 2 or 3. The conductive compound is capable of multi-electron redox reactions, possesses p-type organic molecular properties, and has an oxidation potential or highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) matching the valence band of perovskite so that holes generated in an absorber layer are selectively separated for the application of the perovskite material, achieving enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell and a significantly reduced difference between the forward and reverse conversion efficiencies (hysteresis index) of the solar cell.

The present invention discloses a conductive substrate, a perovskite substrate using the conductive substrate, and a solar cell using the perovskite substrate. The conductive substrate, the perovskite substrate, and the solar cell of the present invention include a conductive base and a conductive compound stacked on the conductive base. The conductive compound is represented by Formula 1, 2 or 3. The conductive compound is capable of multi-electron redox reactions, possesses p-type organic molecular properties, and has an oxidation potential or highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) matching the valence band of perovskite so that holes generated in an absorber layer are selectively separated for the application of the perovskite material, achieving enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell and a significantly reduced difference between the forward and reverse conversion efficiencies (hysteresis index) of the solar cell.

The present invention provides benzothiadiazine and chroman derivatives and particularly diazoxide and cromakalim derivatives for use in treating glaucoma, retinopathy, treating age related macular degeneration, treating, stabilizing and/or inhibiting blood and lymph vascularization, and reducing intraocular pressure by administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a prodrug disposed in an ophthalmically acceptable carrier to the eye, wherein the prodrug specifically modulates a K.sub.ATP channel to reduce an intraocular pressure.

The present invention provides benzothiadiazine and chroman derivatives and particularly diazoxide and cromakalim derivatives for use in treating glaucoma, retinopathy, treating age related macular degeneration, treating, stabilizing and/or inhibiting blood and lymph vascularization, and reducing intraocular pressure by administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a prodrug disposed in an ophthalmically acceptable carrier to the eye, wherein the prodrug specifically modulates a K.sub.ATP channel to reduce an intraocular pressure.