Disclosed herein, inter alia, are acyclic nucleotide analogs and methods of using an acyclic nucleotide analog for treating and/or ameliorating a papillomavirus infection.

Diphosphites having an open, 2,4-methylated outer unit and use thereof in hydroformylation.

An electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery includes an organic solvent, a lithium salt, and a pentaerythritol diphosphite-based compound including at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a silyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphoryl group and a phosphino group. A lithium secondary including the electrolyte solution is provided.

There are provided compounds of Formula I, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, used for inhibition or modulation of the activity of cyclin dependent kinases (CDK) and/or glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), for the treatment of disease states or conditions mediated by cyclin dependent kinases and/or glycogen synthase kinase-3, including cancers. ##STR00001##

A method for preparing the cyclic phosphonate compound of Formula I ##STR00001##
is described. The method significantly improves the stereoselectivity of the compound with the required configuration.

Disclosed are a thermosetting resin composition, a prepreg made therefrom, a laminate clad with a metal foil, and a high-frequency circuit board, wherein the thermosetting resin composition contains thermosetting ingredients. The thermosetting ingredients include a phosphorus-containing monomer or a phosphorus-containing resin and another thermosetting resin containing an unsaturated group, and the phosphorus-containing monomer or the phosphorus-containing resin has a structure as shown in formula I. By using the phosphorus-containing monomer or the phosphorus-containing resin as a cross-linking agent of the other thermosetting resin containing an unsaturated group and by means of a cross-linking reaction of a large number of unsaturated double bonds in the resin, the high-frequency dielectric properties and high-temperature-resistance required by a circuit substrate are provided.

Provided are phosphorus nitrogen flame retardants represented by Formula III, a method of preparing the flame retardants without using any solvent, and various materials comprising the flame retardants. Rb and Rc are independently of each other selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl such as C1-C18 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycles, substituted or unsubstituted aryl such as C6˜C18 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl such as C3˜C18 heteroaryl, and acyl radical. The invention exhibits numerous technical merits such as excellent flame retardant efficacy, good compatibility with polymers, lower migration to material surface, excellent hydrolysis resistance, low smoke and low toxicity during burning, simpler preparation process, fewer by-products, shorter reaction time, higher yield, and no environmental impact, among others.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery comprising: a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material containing Si or Sn, a positive electrode comprising a positive electrode active material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolyte comprises: a non-aqueous organic solvent; a lithium salt; fluoroethylene carbonate; a first additive containing at least one compound among compounds resented by chemical formulas 1 to 4; and a second additive containing at least one compound among compounds represented by chemical formula 5 or 6.

The present invention relates to an electrolyte additive including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, an electrolyte including the electrolyte additive, and a secondary battery including the electrolyte. Chemical Formula 1:

##STR00001##

R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently an alkylene group having 1-5 carbon atoms; E.sub.1 is a bond, an alkylene group having 1-3 carbon atoms, or a cyclic carbonyl group, ether group, or ester group having 2-5 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 is a substituted or unsubstituted linear or cyclic carbonate group, carbonyl group, ether group, phosphate group, sulfonate group, or sulfate group having 2-5 carbon atoms; the substitution refers to substitution with one or more selected from F, Cl, Br, and I or an alkenyl group having 1-3 carbon atoms; E.sub.2 is a bond or a saturated or unsaturated alkylene group or ether group having 1-3 carbon atoms; and n is 0 or 1.

Provided are: a nucleating agent composition, which can impart excellent crystallinity to an olefin-based resin and with which a molded article having excellent mechanical properties and transparency can be obtained; an olefin-based resin composition; a molded article of the same; and a method of producing an olefin-based resin composition. The nucleating agent composition contains a nucleating agent and an auxiliary agent. In this nucleating agent composition, the nucleating agent contains an aromatic phosphate metal salt represented by Formula (1) (wherein, R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; n represents 1 or 2; when n is 1, M represents lithium or dihydroxyaluminum; and when n is 2, M represents hydroxyaluminum), the auxiliary agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of water and polyol compounds, and the content of the auxiliary agent is 1 to 10,000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nucleating agent.

##STR00001##