Disclosed herein, inter alia, are acyclic nucleotide analogs and methods of using an acyclic nucleotide analog for treating and/or ameliorating a papillomavirus infection.

The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same, and particularly, to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery which includes a fluorine-containing compound capable of forming a stable film on the surface of an electrode as an additive, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.

The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same, and particularly, to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery which includes a fluorine-containing compound capable of forming a stable film on the surface of an electrode as an additive, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.

A method for preparing the cyclic phosphonate compound of Formula I

##STR00001##

is described. The method significantly improves the stereoselectivity of the compound with the required configuration.

Diphosphites having an open and a closed 2,4-methylated outer unit and use thereof in hydroformylation.

Compounds of the general formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, processes for the preparation of these compounds, compositions containing these compounds, and the uses of these compounds.

A method for preparing the cyclic phosphonate compound of Formula I

##STR00001##

is described. The method significantly improves the stereoselectivity of the compound with the required configuration.

A pharmaceutical or health food composition for preventing or treating Parkinson's disease containing O-cyclic phytosphingosine-1-phosphate. The composition can prevent the death of SH-SY5Y nerve cells, which are dopaminergic nerve cells, and increase the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, an enzyme required for dopamine formation. Accordingly, the composition can be effectively used for preventing or treating Parkinson's disease.

A prodrug platform is useful to deliver pharmaceutically active amines, amides and phenols and their use in the diagnosis, prevention and/or treatment of various diseases. Compared with the parent drug (e.g., Gemcitabine), the prodrugs show a significant overall safety improvement (therapeutic index (TI) improvement), especially in liver. The prodrugs can treat several diseases, including, for example, cancer, metabolic disease, viral infection, immunological disease, neurologic disease, and blood disease.

A chemical compound shown in formula (I) below and an isomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compound improves THR-β agonistic activity while also improving selectivity for THR-α, thereby improving pharmaceutical quality.