The disclosure relates to nucleic acids that contain modifications at the 5′-end, 3′-end or 5′-end and 3′-ends, and compounds that can be used to make the modified nucleic acids are disclosed. The modified nucleic acids have improved expression, lower immunogenicity and improved stability compared to unmodified nucleic acids.

A compound of the structure: ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition thereof for the treatment of a host infected with or exposed to an HCV virus or other disorders more fully described herein.

A compound of the structure: ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition thereof for the treatment of a host infected with or exposed to an HCV virus or other disorders more fully described herein.

Disclosed herein are nucleotide analogs, methods of synthesizing nucleotide analogs and methods of treating diseases and/or conditions such as a HCV infection with one or more nucleotide analogs.

Disclosed herein are nucleotide analogs, methods of synthesizing nucleotide analogs and methods of treating diseases and/or conditions such as a HCV infection with one or more nucleotide analogs.

The present invention is directed to methods for the use of 5′-adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR), and compositions thereof, for treating, managing, or preventing adenovirus-related diseases or conditions, eye disorders, cancer, or diseases or conditions caused by infection, inflammation, or physical, chemical, thermal, or radiation injuries.

The present invention is directed to methods for the use of 5′-adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR), and compositions thereof, for treating, managing, or preventing adenovirus-related diseases or conditions, eye disorders, cancer, or diseases or conditions caused by infection, inflammation, or physical, chemical, thermal, or radiation injuries.

The invention also relates to compounds, which are useful for intra-molecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), comprising the oxidized form of a carbaNADH-based first fluorophore and a second fluorophore that is excitable at a wave-length of between 445 to 540 nm and that has an emission maximum of greater than 560 nm, and methods, kits and compositions related thereto.

The invention also relates to compounds, which are useful for intra-molecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), comprising the oxidized form of a carbaNADH-based first fluorophore and a second fluorophore that is excitable at a wave-length of between 445 to 540 nm and that has an emission maximum of greater than 560 nm, and methods, kits and compositions related thereto.

Compounds that modulate the conversion of AMP to adenosine by 5′-nucleotidase, ecto, and compositions containing the compounds and methods for synthesizing the compounds, are described herein. The use of such compounds and compositions for the treatment and/or prevention of a diverse array of diseases, disorders and conditions, including cancer- and immune-related disorders, that are mediated by 5′-nucleotidase, ecto is also provided.