The present application provides stable peptide-based Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotype A capture agents and methods of use as detection and diagnosis agents and in the treatment of diseases and disorders. The application further provides methods of manufacturing BoNT serotype A capture agents using iterative on-bead in situ click chemistry.

Described herein is a process for the total synthesis of macrolactones and macrolactams of formula I

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including E- and Z-configuration thereof, in particular, nannocystins.

Peptide-based compounds including heteroatom-containing, three-membered rings efficiently and selectively inhibit specific activities of N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolases associated with the proteasome. The peptide-based compounds include an epoxide or aziridine, and functionalization at the N-terminus. Among other therapeutic utilities, the peptide-based compounds are expected to display anti-inflammatory properties and inhibition of cell proliferation. Oral administration of these peptide-based proteasome inhibitors is possible due to their bioavailability profiles.

The present disclosure provides methods and reagents useful for analyzing protein-protein interfaces such as interfaces between a presenter protein (e.g., a member of the FKBP family, a member of the cyclophilin family, or PIN1) and a target protein. In some embodiments, the target and/or presenter proteins are intracellular proteins. In some embodiments, the target and/or presenter proteins are mammalian proteins.

The present invention relates to a metal phase transformation compound and a method for preparing the same.

Compounds, compositions and methods for preventing, treating or curing a coronavirus, picornavirus, and/or hepeviridae virus infection in human subjects or other animal hosts. Specific viruses that can be treated include enteroviruses. In one embodiment, the compounds can be used to treat an infection with a severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, such as human coronavirus 229E, SARS, MERS, SARS-CoV-1 (OC43), and SARS-CoV-2. In another embodiment, the methods are used to treat a patient co-infected with two or more of these viruses, or a combination of one or more of these viruses and norovirus.

Disclosed are proteasome inhibitors, fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-activated prodrugs of proteasome inhibitors, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the inhibitors and prodrugs. Also disclosed are related pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of using the inhibitors and prodrugs and compositions thereof, for example, in treating cancer or other cell proliferative diseases. In vitro and in vivo methods of quantifying the expression of FAP in a biopsy sample and a mammal, respectively, are also disclosed.

Provided are a method for producing a peptide compound including a step of using a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound represented by Formula (1); a protective group-forming reagent including the compound; and the compound. In Formula (1), a ring A represents a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring, Y.sup.A's each independently represent —CH.sub.2OH, —CH.sub.2NHR, —CH.sub.2SH, or —CH.sub.2X.sup.0, where R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aralkyl group, and X.sup.0 represents Cl, Br, or I, k represents an integer of 1 to 5, n represents 1 or 2, and R.sup.A's each independently represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an organic group having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.

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The present application provides stable peptide-based Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotype A capture agents and methods of use as detection and diagnosis agents and in the treatment of diseases and disorders. The application further provides methods of manufacturing BoNT serotype A capture agents using iterative on-bead in situ click chemistry.

Methods and pharmaceutical compositions for treating malaria and immune related disorders are provided. The pharmaceutical compositions include an effective amount a carmaphycin B analog that inhibits immunoproteasome activity in a subject.