Compositions for the treatment or prevention of multiple sclerosis are provided. In some embodiments, the composition comprises an isolated peptide comprising a partial amino acid sequence of a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) protein, wherein the peptide activates regulatory T cells. In some embodiments, the composition comprises dendritic cells pulsed with a MOG peptide that activates regulatory T cells. In some embodiments, the peptide activates HLA-E-restricted regulatory CD8.sup.+ T cells.

Methods, compositions and kits useful in the detection, assessment, diagnosis, prognosis and/or treatment of brain injuries, especially mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion, are based upon detection of changes in levels of certain protein biomarkers in a subject undergoing testing, or upon detection of changes in levels of certain protein biomarkers in conjunction with neuroimaging analyses to detect changes in vascular or blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability in the brain, or to detect damage to fiber tracts in the brain, in which changes in biomarker levels correlate with detection of changes in BBB permeability or in brain fiber tract or white matter damage in a subject with brain injury such as mTBI or concussion.

The present invention relates to an adenoviral vector capable of encoding a virus-like particle (VLP), said VLP displaying an inactive immune-suppressive domain (ISD). The vaccine of the invention shows an improved immune response from either of both of the response pathways initiated by CD4 T cells or CD8 T cells.

The present disclosure relates to the use of anti-KLHL12 antibodies as a clinical biomarker for diagnosing primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), now known as primary biliary cholangitis. The disclosure further provides compositions and methods for detecting anti-KLHL12 antibodies in a biological sample.

Aspects of the invention described herein concern the incorporation of a FOXP3 cDNA (e.g., full-length human codon-optimized cDNA) into a FOXP3 gene or a non-FOXP3 locus so as to provide constitutive or regulated FOXP3 expression in a primary human CD34.sup.+ cells or cells derived from edited CD34.sup.+ cells. In some embodiments, guide RNA sequences that are directed to FOXP3, AAVS1, or other candidate loci are used for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene regulation, and gene delivery cassettes for HDR based gene-modification are provided.

Dosing regimens and methods are disclosed for upregulating protein kinase C (PKC) while reducing subsequent downregulation, comprising administering a PKC activator once a week for three consecutive weeks followed by cessation of administration or dosing for three consecutive weeks. Also described are methods for improving or enhancing cognitive ability, preventing or treating cognitive impairment, preventing or treating a neurodegenerative disease or condition, and/or preventing or treating a disease or condition associated with neuronal or synaptic loss according to the disclosed regimens.

The present invention relates to methods of detecting, diagnosing and distinguishing between demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis. The present invention also relates to methods of treating, and peptides for use in the treatment of, demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis.

A chimeric autoantibody receptor (CAAR) that enables targeting of an immune cell to autoantibody producing B cells. The CAAR includes an autoantigen or fragment thereof that is bound by autoantibodies associated with neurological autoimmune disease primarily targeting the central nervous system. Also disclosed is a nucleic acid molecule encoding a chimeric autoantibody receptor (CAAR), the nucleic acid sequence encoding an autoantigen or fragment thereof that is bound by autoantibodies associated with a neurological autoimmune disease primarily targeting the central nervous system, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular signaling domain, a vector comprising a nucleic acid molecule encoding a chimeric autoantibody receptor (CAAR), a genetically modified immune cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule encoding the CAAR and use of the immune cell in the treatment or prevention of a neurological autoimmune disease primarily targeting the central nervous system, such as an autoimmune encephalopathy or encephalomyelopathy, preferably anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

The invention relates to methods for identifying tolerogenic peptides. The invention also relates to products used in and produced by such methods. The invention also relates to the use of such tolerogenic peptides in the treatment of disease.

Provided herein are methods and compositions for diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Compositions and methods are provided, relating to novel peptides involved in autoimmune disease. In the experiments described herein, an unbiased approach was used to screen pathogenic CD4+ T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and to determine the antigenic specificity of the T cell receptors (TCR) expressed by these pathogenic cells.