The invention provides a redox flow battery comprising a microporous or nanoporous size-exclusion membrane, wherein one cell of the battery contains a redox-active polymer dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent or a redox-active colloidal particle dispersed in the non-aqueous solvent. The redox flow battery provides enhanced ionic conductivity across the electrolyte separator and reduced redox-active species crossover, thereby improving the performance and enabling widespread utilization. Redox active poly(vinylbenzyl ethylviologen) (RAPs) and redox active colloidal particles (RACs) were prepared and were found to be highly effective redox species. Controlled potential bulk electrolysis indicates that 94-99% of the nominal charge on different RAPs is accessible and the electrolysis products are stable upon cycling. The high concentration attainable (>2.0 M) for RAPs in common non-aqueous battery solvents, their electrochemical and chemical reversibility, and their hindered transport across porous separators make them attractive materials for non-aqueous redox flow batteries based on size-selectivity.

A copolymer, a method for producing the copolymer, a porous structure formed by the copolymer, a method for producing the porous structure, and a porous carbon sphere formed by carbonizing the porous structure are shown. The copolymer has a chemical structure of formula (1) or (2): ##STR00001##
wherein the molecular weight of the copolymer structure is 120,000 or less g/mole, m and t are both greater than 0, 8%p80%, y0, z0, and X is selected from Cl, Br and I.

The present invention is directed to brush block copolymer compositions comprising first and second homopolymers or random copolymers whose presence provides access to photonic bandgaps in the infrared frequency range, their use in this capacity, and methods of making the same. The specific parameters associated with these compositions are described within the specification.

The present disclosed are a high exchange-capacity anion exchange resin with dual functional-groups and method of synthesis thereof. The invention relates to the field of environmental function material synthesis and application. The resin is based on chloromethylated polystyrene-divinylbenzene polymer as matrix, and by primary amination and quaternization, yields an anion exchange resin with dual functional-groups having both a weak base anionic group and a strong base anionic group. The anion exchange resin not only has high adsorption capacity for water-born nitrate ions, but also can effectively squelch natural organic acids such as phytic acid in water, thus simultaneously removing nitrate ions and phytic acid organic matter from water. Therefore, the resin has a broad application potential in the fields of drinking water treatment, groundwater remediation, and advanced urban sewage treatment.

The present disclosed are a high exchange-capacity anion exchange resin with dual functional-groups and method of synthesis thereof. The invention relates to the field of environmental function material synthesis and application. The resin is based on chloromethylated polystyrene-divinylbenzene polymer as matrix, and by primary amination and quaternization, yields an anion exchange resin with dual functional-groups having both a weak base anionic group and a strong base anionic group. The anion exchange resin not only has high adsorption capacity for water-born nitrate ions, but also can effectively squelch natural organic acids such as phytic acid in water, thus simultaneously removing nitrate ions and phytic acid organic matter from water. Therefore, the resin has a broad application potential in the fields of drinking water treatment, groundwater remediation, and advanced urban sewage treatment.

Embodiments of the present invention provide for anion exchange membranes and processes for their manufacture. The anion exchange membranes described herein are made the polymerization product of at least one functional monomer comprising a tertiary amine which is reacted with a quaternizing agent in the polymerization process.

Embodiments of the present invention provide for anion exchange membranes and processes for their manufacture. The anion exchange membranes described herein are made the polymerization product of at least one functional monomer comprising a tertiary amine which is reacted with a quaternizing agent in the polymerization process.

The present invention relates to an iminodiacetic acid chelating resin, wherein the water amount in the resin is from 50 to 75% and the volume ratio of Na form/H form is from 1.4 to 1.8. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing an iminodiacetic acid chelating resin, wherein an alcohol is used as a solvent for the amination reaction of a chloromethylated styrene crosslinked copolymer with iminodiacetonitrile or sodium iodide and/or potassium iodide is used as a catalyst for the amination reaction.

The present invention relates to an iminodiacetic acid chelating resin, wherein the water amount in the resin is from 50 to 75% and the volume ratio of Na form/H form is from 1.4 to 1.8. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing an iminodiacetic acid chelating resin, wherein an alcohol is used as a solvent for the amination reaction of a chloromethylated styrene crosslinked copolymer with iminodiacetonitrile or sodium iodide and/or potassium iodide is used as a catalyst for the amination reaction.

[Problem] To provide a physiologically active peptide-loaded stable composition for injection into living bodies. [Solution] A composition containing a triblock copolymer represented by formula (I), a polyanionic polymer and a physiologically active peptide:
CNR-PEG-CNR(I) in the formula, CNR moieties are each independently a polymer segment containing a repeating unit that contains, as a part of a pendant group, a cyclic nitroxide radical bonded to a main polymer chain via a linking group that contains at least one amino group, and PEG is a segment that contains poly(ethylene glycol).