A polymer compound having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 500,000, and contains one or more repeating units represented by formula (1) and one or more repeating units represented by formula (2): ##STR00001## R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; Rf.sub.1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, and has at least one fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group in Rf.sub.1; Z.sub.1 represents a single bond, an arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or —C(═O)—O—R.sup.2—; R.sup.2 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and may have an ether group, a carbonyl group or an ester group in R.sup.2; and “a” is 0<a≤1.0, and ##STR00002## “b” is 0<b<1.0.

A polymer compound having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 500,000, and contains one or more repeating units represented by formula (1) and one or more repeating units represented by formula (2): ##STR00001## R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; Rf.sub.1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, and has at least one fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group in Rf.sub.1; Z.sub.1 represents a single bond, an arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or —C(═O)—O—R.sup.2—; R.sup.2 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and may have an ether group, a carbonyl group or an ester group in R.sup.2; and “a” is 0<a≤1.0, and ##STR00002## “b” is 0<b<1.0.

A neutral layer composition, which is capable of forming a neutral layer that can effectively control orientation characteristics of various block copolymers is provided.

Objects are to provide a fluorine-containing active energy ray curable resin which may be suitably used as a surfactant in an aqueous active energy ray curable resin composition, to provide an active energy ray curable resin composition including the resin, and to provide a cured product obtained by curing the composition. Specifically, a fluorine-containing active energy ray curable resin is provided which includes a polymer structure (a1) derived from a radically polymerizable unsaturated monomer, a poly(perfluoroalkylene ether) chain (a2), a radically polymerizable unsaturated group (a3), and an acid group forming a neutral salt structure (a4). Also provided are a surfactant including the fluorine-containing active energy ray curable resin; an active energy ray curable resin composition including the fluorine-containing active energy ray curable resin, an active energy ray curable hydrophilic resin other than the fluorine-containing active energy ray curable resin, and water; and a cured film of the composition.

Proton-conducting, fluorinated polymer grafted particles for use in the preparation of catalytic layers for fuel cells, such as H.sub.2/air cells or H.sub.2/O.sub.2 cells. The grafted particles include a particle made of a material for catalyzing oxygen reduction or hydrogen oxidation, such as a platinum particle, that has been grafted with a proton-conducting, fluorinated polymer graft. The proton-conducting, fluorinated polymer graft includes an organic spacer group, a single bond or an organic spacer group, a repeating unit resulting from polymerization of a fluorinated styrenic monomer, and a repeating unit resulting, from polymerization of a non-fluorinated styrenic monomer bearing at least one proton-conducting group.

Proton-conducting, fluorinated polymer grafted particles for use in the preparation of catalytic layers for fuel cells, such as H.sub.2/air cells or H.sub.2/O.sub.2 cells. The grafted particles include a particle made of a material for catalyzing oxygen reduction or hydrogen oxidation, such as a platinum particle, that has been grafted with a proton-conducting, fluorinated polymer graft. The proton-conducting, fluorinated polymer graft includes an organic spacer group, a single bond or an organic spacer group, a repeating unit resulting from polymerization of a fluorinated styrenic monomer, and a repeating unit resulting, from polymerization of a non-fluorinated styrenic monomer bearing at least one proton-conducting group.

A resist composition comprising a polymer comprising recurring units having an optionally substituted brominated phenol has advantages including high sensitivity, high resolution and reduced acid diffusion and forms a pattern of good profile with improved CDU.

A resist composition comprising a polymer comprising recurring units having an optionally substituted brominated phenol has advantages including high sensitivity, high resolution and reduced acid diffusion and forms a pattern of good profile with improved CDU.

A polymer compound for a conductive polymer contains one or more kinds of repeating units a represented by the following general formula (1) and has a weight average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 500,000, ##STR00001##
R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; Rf.sub.1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, and has at least one fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group in Rf.sub.1; Z.sub.1 represents a single bond, an arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or C(O)OR.sup.2; R.sup.2 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and may have an ether group, a carbonyl group or an ester group in R.sup.2; and a is 0<a1.0.

A polymer compound having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 500,000, and contains one or more repeating units represented by formula (1) and one or more repeating units represented by formula (2):

##STR00001## R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; Rf.sub.1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, and has at least one fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group in Rf.sub.1; Z.sub.1 represents a single bond, an arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or C(O)OR.sup.2; R.sup.2 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and may have an ether group, a carbonyl group or an ester group in R.sup.2; and a is 0<a1.0, and

##STR00002## b is 0<b<1.0.