The present invention relates to a polymer compound used as a polymer modifier, a conjugated diene-based polymer including a functional group derived therefrom, and a method for preparing a modified and conjugated diene-based polymer using the polymer compound. A rubber modifier compound obtained therefrom is used as a modifier for rubber, particularly, as a modifier of a conjugated diene-based polymer and is bonded to a chain of the conjugated diene-based polymer to easily introduce a functional group having affinity with a filler.

Precatalysts and catalytic processes for the functionalization of sp.sup.2-carbons using the precatalysts are described herein. The precatalysts comprise an intramolecular Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) that is generated in situ from the corresponding precatalyst fluoroborate salts. The precatalyst fluoroborate salts are deprotected in situ to generate catalysts including intramolecular FLPs for the dehydrogenative borylation of alkenes, arenes and heteroarenes. The catalytic process comprises contacting a precatalyst, a functionalization reagent; and a substrate comprising a sp.sup.2-H carbon, under conditions to provide a substrate comprising a functionalized sp.sup.2 carbon.

A process for forming covalently cross-linked macromolecular networks, comprising reacting a compound of Formula (I), defined as R.sub.1-L-XR.sub.3, with a compound of Formula (II), defined as HZ-R.sub.2, to form a macromolecular compound of Formula (III), defined as R.sub.1-L-Y, wherein R.sub.1 represents a macromolecular polymer backbone, L represents an aryl or arylalkyl, R.sub.2 independently represents an optionally substituted branched or linear C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkane, a C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkene, a C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkyne, wherein the optional substituent is a second HZ-moiety or a carboxylic ester moiety, R.sub.3 represents CF.sub.3, H or C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkane, X represents C(O), C(O)C(CH.sub.2) or C(CH.sub.2)C(O), Y represents C(OH)(R.sub.3)ZR.sub.2, C(O)CH(R.sub.3)CH.sub.2ZR.sub.2 or CH(C(O)R.sub.3)CH.sub.2ZR.sub.2; and Z represents S or NH. A covalently connected adaptable network formed by the process is also described.

A process for forming covalently cross-linked macromolecular networks, comprising reacting a compound of Formula (I), defined as R.sub.1-L-XR.sub.3, with a compound of Formula (II), defined as HZ-R.sub.2, to form a macromolecular compound of Formula (III), defined as R.sub.1-L-Y, wherein R.sub.1 represents a macromolecular polymer backbone, L represents an aryl or arylalkyl, R.sub.2 independently represents an optionally substituted branched or linear C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkane, a C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkene, a C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkyne, wherein the optional substituent is a second HZ-moiety or a carboxylic ester moiety, R.sub.3 represents CF.sub.3, H or C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkane, X represents C(O), C(O)C(CH.sub.2) or C(CH.sub.2)C(O), Y represents C(OH)(R.sub.3)ZR.sub.2, C(O)CH(R.sub.3)CH.sub.2ZR.sub.2 or CH(C(O)R.sub.3)CH.sub.2ZR.sub.2; and Z represents S or NH. A covalently connected adaptable network formed by the process is also described.

Polymeric particles (e.g., charged polymeric particles or brush polymeric particles), methods of making polymeric particles, and uses thereof. The brush polymeric particles include polymeric brushes disposed at an exterior surface. The polymeric particles can be nanoparticles or microparticles. The polymeric particles can be capsules or solid particles. A capsule includes a polymeric shell. A solid particle or a polymeric shell may include polymeric materials and surfactants and/or surfactant precursors. A polymeric particle may include a positive charge on at least a portion of an exterior surface of the polymeric particle. At least a portion of the surfactant(s) and/or the surfactant precursor(s) can diffuse out of and/or can be released by the hydrolysis of at least a portion of the polymeric material(s). The polymeric particles can be used in oil recovery applications to deliver surfactant(s) and/or surfactant precursor(s) to oil reservoirs.

Methods of vulcanization using a high content sulfur polymer, instead of elemental sulfur, have been developed. These high sulfur content polymers are referred to as Chalcogenide Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Polymers (CHIP) materials and have good polymer compatibility in that they are soluble in a number of polymers. Furthermore, CHIP materials may have weaker bonds than the SS bonds of elemental sulfur and thus provide for a higher crosslinking efficiency vulcanization.

The present invention relates to an iminodiacetic acid chelating resin, wherein the water amount in the resin is from 50 to 75% and the volume ratio of Na form/H form is from 1.4 to 1.8. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing an iminodiacetic acid chelating resin, wherein an alcohol is used as a solvent for the amination reaction of a chloromethylated styrene crosslinked copolymer with iminodiacetonitrile or sodium iodide and/or potassium iodide is used as a catalyst for the amination reaction.

The present invention relates to an iminodiacetic acid chelating resin, wherein the water amount in the resin is from 50 to 75% and the volume ratio of Na form/H form is from 1.4 to 1.8. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing an iminodiacetic acid chelating resin, wherein an alcohol is used as a solvent for the amination reaction of a chloromethylated styrene crosslinked copolymer with iminodiacetonitrile or sodium iodide and/or potassium iodide is used as a catalyst for the amination reaction.

An impact resistant polyhexahydrotriazine polymer, a process for forming an impact resistant polyhexahydrotriazine polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising an impact resistant material containing an impact resistant polyhexahydrotriazine polymer are disclosed. The impact resistant polyhexahydrotriazine polymer includes at least one hexahydrotriazine group and at least one chain comprising an allylic portion and a styrenic portion. Variations in the chain control properties of the impact resistant polymer. The process of forming the impact resistant polyhexahydrotriazine polymer includes reactions between formaldehyde and at least two classes of monomer that form hexahydrotriazine groups and impact resistant chains. Adjusting relative monomer concentrations controls properties of the impact resistant polyhexahydrotriazine polymer. The article of manufacture contains a material that has an impact resistant polymer. Impact resistance of the impact resistant polyhexahydrotriazine polymer is dependent upon variation in relative amounts of monomers used in its synthesis.

An impact resistant polyhexahydrotriazine polymer, a process for forming an impact resistant polyhexahydrotriazine polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising an impact resistant material containing an impact resistant polyhexahydrotriazine polymer are disclosed. The impact resistant polyhexahydrotriazine polymer includes at least one hexahydrotriazine group and at least one chain comprising an allylic portion and a styrenic portion. Variations in the chain control properties of the impact resistant polymer. The process of forming the impact resistant polyhexahydrotriazine polymer includes reactions between formaldehyde and at least two classes of monomer that form hexahydrotriazine groups and impact resistant chains. Adjusting relative monomer concentrations controls properties of the impact resistant polyhexahydrotriazine polymer. The article of manufacture contains a material that has an impact resistant polymer. Impact resistance of the impact resistant polyhexahydrotriazine polymer is dependent upon variation in relative amounts of monomers used in its synthesis.