A composition for hydrogel solid freeform fabrication contains water, a water-soluble monomer containing at least one polyfunctional monomer having a polyethylene glycol structure, a mineral, and a diamine compound, wherein the proportion of the diamine compound to the mineral is from 7.0 to 20.0 percent by mass.

The present invention provides a refrigerating machine oil comprising, as a base oil, a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which may be the same as or different from each other, represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group; and R.sup.4 represents a hydrocarbon group or an organic group containing an oxygen atom, and having a number average molecular weight Mn of 300 or more and 3000 or less and a ratio of a weight-average molecular weight Mw to a number average molecular weight Mn (Mw/Mn) of 1.10 or more and 2.00 or less, and the refrigerating machine oil being used with a refrigerant selected from the group consisting of difluoromethane, a mixture of difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane, a mixture of difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, a mixture of pentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons, hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide.

The present invention provides a refrigerating machine oil comprising, as a base oil, a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which may be the same as or different from each other, represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group; and R.sup.4 represents a hydrocarbon group or an organic group containing an oxygen atom, and having a number average molecular weight Mn of 300 or more and 3000 or less and a ratio of a weight-average molecular weight Mw to a number average molecular weight Mn (Mw/Mn) of 1.10 or more and 2.00 or less, and the refrigerating machine oil being used with a refrigerant selected from the group consisting of difluoromethane, a mixture of difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane, a mixture of difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, a mixture of pentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons, hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide.

Ionic and ionogenic comb copolymers are disclosed along with personal care products that employ them as a modifier that results in increased sensory attributes and increased effectiveness in the deposition of actives and can also act as a thickening agent. The copolymer includes one or more repeating units derived from olefinically unsaturated anionic or anionogenic or zwitterionic comonomers, and one or more repeating units having the formula

##STR00001##

in which Y is a moiety forming part of a copolymer backbone, Z is a moiety that exhibits association with other Z moieties or with other moieties within the ultimate formulation in which the copolymer will be employed, and b is a bond or moiety that links the Z moiety to the Y moiety. In certain embodiments, the copolymer also includes repeating units derived from acrylamide monomers, olefinically unsaturated hydrophilic monomers or other olefinically unsaturated monomers.

The present invention relates to a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition, a protective film, an optical element, and a display device. A pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet formed using the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition according to the present invention can have proper high-speed and low-speed peel strengths and simultaneously can exhibit an excellent balance between the high-speed and low-speed peel strengths. The pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet formed using the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention exhibits a proper level of surface resistance and excellent electrostatic discharge characteristics, and has no contaminants with respect to an adherend even when the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet is peeled from the adherend after the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet is attached to the adherend for a long period of time. Such a pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet formed using the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be applied to various fields of applications. For example, the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet can be used as a protective film for optical members such as polarizing plates.

The present invention relates to a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition, a protective film, an optical element, and a display device. A pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet formed using the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition according to the present invention can have proper high-speed and low-speed peel strengths and simultaneously can exhibit an excellent balance between the high-speed and low-speed peel strengths. The pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet formed using the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention exhibits a proper level of surface resistance and excellent electrostatic discharge characteristics, and has no contaminants with respect to an adherend even when the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet is peeled from the adherend after the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet is attached to the adherend for a long period of time. Such a pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet formed using the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be applied to various fields of applications. For example, the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet can be used as a protective film for optical members such as polarizing plates.

An object of the present invention is to provide a polymer compound which can form a phase difference layer having high alignment and suppressed surface unevenness by being blended into a liquid crystal composition, and a liquid crystal composition, a phase difference layer, an optical film, a polarizing plate, and an image display device using the same. The polymer compound of the present invention includes a repeating unit represented by Formula (I), a repeating unit represented by Formula (II), and a repeating unit represented by Formula (III), in which an acid value is 115 mgKOH/g or more, and a hydroxyl value is 70 mgKOH/g or more. ##STR00001##

An object of the present invention is to provide a polymer compound which can form a phase difference layer having high alignment and suppressed surface unevenness by being blended into a liquid crystal composition, and a liquid crystal composition, a phase difference layer, an optical film, a polarizing plate, and an image display device using the same. The polymer compound of the present invention includes a repeating unit represented by Formula (I), a repeating unit represented by Formula (II), and a repeating unit represented by Formula (III), in which an acid value is 115 mgKOH/g or more, and a hydroxyl value is 70 mgKOH/g or more. ##STR00001##

Alkali-swellable rheology modifier comprising a core-shell polymer comprising a core polymer and a shell comprising at least one shell copolymer layer at least partially cross-linked and containing a mole percent of crosslinking agent greater than the mole percent of crosslinking agent in the core polymer, provided if the mole percent of crosslinking agent in the core polymer is zero, then either the core polymer is greater than 60 wt % of the core-shell polymer; the core polymer comprises at least one associative monomer; at least one shell copolymer layer copolymer comprises at least one associative monomer; and/or the at least one shell copolymer layer that is at least partially cross-linked comprises greater than 3 mole % crosslinking agent. Aqueous compositions comprising the alkali-swellable rheology modifier include personal care formulations, healthcare formulations, agricultural formulations, paint formulations, coating formulations, laundry and fabric care formulations, household cleaning formulations, and industrial and institutional cleaning formulations.

Alkali-swellable rheology modifier comprising a core-shell polymer comprising a core polymer and a shell comprising at least one shell copolymer layer at least partially cross-linked and containing a mole percent of crosslinking agent greater than the mole percent of crosslinking agent in the core polymer, provided if the mole percent of crosslinking agent in the core polymer is zero, then either the core polymer is greater than 60 wt % of the core-shell polymer; the core polymer comprises at least one associative monomer; at least one shell copolymer layer copolymer comprises at least one associative monomer; and/or the at least one shell copolymer layer that is at least partially cross-linked comprises greater than 3 mole % crosslinking agent. Aqueous compositions comprising the alkali-swellable rheology modifier include personal care formulations, healthcare formulations, agricultural formulations, paint formulations, coating formulations, laundry and fabric care formulations, household cleaning formulations, and industrial and institutional cleaning formulations.