A process of making a polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam comprises the step of mixing under low pressure: (A) An isocyanate; (B) A compound reactive with the isocyanate, e.g., a polyol; (C) A liquid blowing agent; and (D) Carbon dioxide.

To provide a catalyst composition excellent in cell openness properties and initial curing properties, and a method for producing a polyurethane resin using the same. A catalyst composition comprising an amine compound (A) of the formula (1), a hydroxy acid (B) of the formula (2) and a tertiary amine compound (C) is used for the production of a polyurethane resin. [Each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 which are independent of each other, is a methyl group or an ethyl group, R.sub.3 is a C.sub.2-4 linear or branched alkyl group, R.sub.4 is a C.sub.1-18 bivalent hydrocarbon residue, m is an integer of from 1 to 3, and n is an integer of from 1 to 6.] ##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides for an isocyanate-reactive composition that can react with an isocyanate compound in a reaction mixture to form a polyurethane-based foam. The isocyanate-reactive composition includes an isocyanate reactive compound and a combustion modifier composition. The isocyanate reactive compound has an isocyanate reactive moiety and an aromatic moiety. The combustion modifier composition includes both phosphorus from a halogen-free flame-retardant compound and a transition metal from a transition metal compound. The combustion modifier composition can have a molar ratio of the transition metal to phosphorus (mole transition metal:mole phosphorous) of 0.05:1 to 5:1.

C

A flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam contains a flame retardant, the foam having a ratio of the maximum peak intensity ratio (P1) of the foam after moist heat treatment of the foam for one week at a temperature of 80° C. and a humidity of 85% to the maximum peak intensity ratio (P2) of the foam before this moist heat treatment of 85% or more (P1/P2x100). The P1 and P2 each refer to the ratio of the maximum peak intensity of 1390 to 1430 cm.sup.−1 to the maximum peak intensity of 1500 to 1520 cm.sup.−1 when the infrared absorption spectrum is measured at a position 5 to 10 mm from the surface of the foam, and the average intensity of 1900 to 2000 cm.sup.−1 is adjusted to zero.

A surfactant and a method of forming the surfactant having the formula (I) where a is an integer from 1 to 10, b is an integer from 0 to 10, R.sub.1 is —CH.sub.3 or —H, n is an integer from 0 to 20, and R.sub.2 is a moiety selected from the group consisting of (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII) or (VIII) where m is an integer from 0 to 4. The surfactant can be used in a method for preparing a rigid polyurethane foam.

##STR00001##

Polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam insulation described herein is derived from a composition that contains an organic polyisocyanate, an isocyanate reactive material containing at least about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of an aromatic polyester polyol, a hydrocarbon blowing agent, a first catalyst selected from the group consisting of a carboxylate salt of an alkali metal, a carboxylate salt of an alkaline earth metal, a carboxylate salt of a quaternary ammonium, and combinations thereof, and a second catalyst comprising a non-reactive tertiary amine, wherein a molar ratio of the first catalyst to the second catalyst is less than about 1.25, the composition gels quickly, and the composition has an isocyanate index greater than about 175. Such an insulating foam has a ratio of thermal conductivity at 75° F. to thermal conductivity at 25° F. between about 0.98 and about 1.10.

What are described are (a) a composition suitable for production of rigid polyurethane foam, comprising at least one isocyanate component, a polyol component, optionally a catalyst that catalyses the formation of a urethane or isocyanurate bond, optionally blowing agents, where the composition additionally comprises hydrocarbons HC, polyether-modified siloxane and optional polyalkylsiloxane, (b) a process for producing rigid polyurethane foam using hydrocarbons HC, polyether-modified siloxane and optional polyalkylsiloxanes, (c) the rigid polyurethane foam thus obtainable and (d) the use thereof.

The present invention discloses a 3-aryl-benzofuranone compound in which R.sub.1-R.sub.6, in the formula are mutually independent H or C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyls, and R.sub.7 is C.sub.7-C.sub.20 alkyl or C.sub.7-C.sub.20 mixed alkyl. The present invention also discloses a composition of 3-aryl-benzofuranone compound and the preparation method. The 3-aryl-benzofuranone compound and the composition thereof has the superiority in application due to the characteristics of less proneness to volatilize, less proneness to be extracted, higher resistance to migration and less proneness to bloom and precipitate on the surface of organic materials, and with a wide range of application, it is effective during the application.

The invention relates to a composition and to a process for preparing moisture-crosslinking polymers under catalysis by at least one metal-siloxane-silanol(ate) compound, and to the use of the composition in the CASE sector (coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers), especially in the field of adhesives and sealants.

Methods for producing proppants with a fluorinated polyurethane proppant coating are provided. The methods include coating the proppant particles with a strengthening agent, a strengthening agent, and a resin to produce proppants with fluorinated polyurethane proppant coating. Additionally, a proppant comprising a proppant particle and a fluorinated polyurethane proppant coating is provided. The fluorinated polyurethane proppant coating includes a strengthening agent, a strengthening agent, and a resin. The fluorinated polyurethane proppant coating coats the proppant particle. Additionally, a method for increasing a rate of hydrocarbon production from a subsurface formation through the use of the proppants is provided.